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TAN-GO'-KU-A: 



AN HISTORICAL DRAMA 



|« ffose. 






iJfCCA 




PHILADELPHIA: 

T. B. PETERSON, No. 102 CHESTNUT STREET. 

1856. 






KING & BAIBD, PRINTERS, SANSOM STREET, PHILADELPHIA. 



TAN-GO'-RU-A: 

g^it '§hioxuul Jrama, in |jrose. 



INTERLOCUTORS. 

TAN-GO'-RU-A, An Indian Chief . 

WEE-RAH-OOCH'-WEE, An Indian Pow-Wow. 

Zanqenbero, A Moravian Missionary. 

Vernon, 

Lynford, 

Callender, A Quaker. 

Lieut. Governor op the Province of Penna 



Miriam, Daughter to Zangenberg. 

KA-ZU'-KA An Indian Girl. 



Councilmen, Members of Assembly, Indians, Soldiers, Messengers, 
Attendants, dc., tfc. 



Time. — About the middle op the EiaHTEENTH Century. 
Scene.— The Province of Pennsylvania. 



TANG-GO -EU-A 



PAET FIKST. 



SECTION I. 

On the top of Berry's Mountain, overlooking the Sus- 
qviehanna.— Enter Lynford and "Vernon from below. 

Lynford. — 0, my breath, my breath ! it is 
almost gone ! I am afraid I shall never catch 
it again. Let me lie down and pant a while ; 
and hear me, Yernon, if I never come to and 
you bury me here, let this be my epitaph, 
" Here lies one who contended with a mighty 
giant, and overcame him." For is not this a 
giant of a mountain, and have we not fairly 
vanquished the monster ? We have stumbled 
over his foot, kicked him on the shin, smitten 

him, hip and thigh, pounded him in the ribs, 

1* 



6 TANGORUA. 

mounted upon his shoulders, scaled his erected 
crest, and now, here we stand, firm and safe, 
upon the top of his bald pate. 

Vernon. — Breath or no breath, your volu- 
bility remains the same. What a pity, that 
so great a victory should be without wit- 
nesses to celebrate it ! 

Lynford. — " Without witnesses I " Why, 
every thing around us is now celebrating our 
achievement. The hills are stretching them- 
selves on tip-toe, to stare at us ; and see how 
the river leaps over yonder rocks, and hastens 
towards us, roaring out applause ! The islands 
are dancing a merry jig in the waters. The 
birds, old and young, are giving us a concert. 
The forests nod their heads in approbation, 
and send up sweet incense to greet us ; and 
look, far up yonder is an eagle, circling the 
air, and gazing down on us : admiring to see 
us here, he is, evidently, inviting us to come 
u.p with him to the clouds. In good time, 
my venerable bald-headed friend, we shall 
consider of it. You say, it is but a step up 
there, compared to the height we have already 



TANGORUA. 7 

come, and tHat the way is much plainer and 
smoother: very true. But then, you must 
give us time to recover a little of the breath 
we have spent, and also to consider whether 
there may not be some fallacy in your argu- 
ment. One who is so much addicted to 
flying in circles, may, possibly, sometimes 
reason after the same fashion. 

Ve^mon. — {Surveying the country ivith a 
teIesco2:)e and muttering to himself) Nothing 
here to be seen — no single object in view — 
nothing here — 

Lynford. — What say you? nothing to be 
seen ! Then it is because that telescope has 
sophisticated your vision. Lay it aside and 
look with your natural eyes. Bring all your 
senses to the feast : for there is a royal ban- 
quet spread before them. Here are colors 
for the eyes : violet, indigo, blue, green, 
yellow, orange, red ; all the hues of the rain- 
bow, and all possible combinations of them 
to boot. Behold them, painted on easels of 
all sizes, from the miniature flower at our 
feet, to the unbounded canopy over our 



8 TANGOKUA. 

heads! Do your ears love music? What 
nobler instrument could they wish for, than 
yonder cataract, or what finer chorus of voices 
than these birds have ! If you love sweet 
odours, snuff the breeze; for it shook the 
perfume out of innumerable shrubs and 
flowers, as it came along. Bare your brow 
to its touch, whilst it runs its fingers through 
your hair, and whips your slumbering nerves 
into just activity enough for full enjoyment. 
Your palate too shall be gratified. Open your 
knapsack — no matter what its contents. Epi- 
curism lies in the stomach, not in the quality 
of food. Witness the Laplander with his 
breakfast of whale blubber! Witness the 
ostrich with its dinner of flints and pebbles ! 
There are no gourmands in the world like 
these. 

Verno7i. — {Lowering his telescope and sliuL- 
ting it up.) There is nothing here. I have 
swept over the whole landscape, prying into 
every nook and corner, and I can find 
nothing of them. You were speaking, Lyn- 
ford, of the beauties of the scene. Unless 



TANGORUA. 9 

you can sHow me a cluster of wigwams in 
some of these groves, or a wreatli of smoke 
somewhere in the edge of the horizon, I can- 
not join in your admiration. To me all 
seems a barren waste as far as the eye or this 
telescope can reach. 

Lynford. — Unhappy and infatuated man! 
"Why do you thus allow the inflammation at 
your heart to blight all the faculties of your 
head ? If your heart will thump at your ribs, 
must it, therefore, be allowed also to beat 
out your brains ? I, myself, know what it is 
to have one's heart turned into a fire-ball ; 
but, if ever I allow amorous dreams to dis- 
turb the cool operations of my judgment, 
may I forget the fundamental principle of 
all reasoning; may the dictum de omni et 
nullo become a Greek riddle to me. 

Vernon. — I am greviously vexed and dis- 
appointed. These dispatches which I bear 
to the army, must be promptly delivered. I 
run some risk of censure, by thus coming 
slightly out of my way, on my own business. 
I dare spend no more time in searching for 



10 T A N G R U A. 

th.e station. And it is with a heavy heart 
that I turn into mj proper course. 

Lynford — You have this comfort at least, 
my dear fellow, that there is no danger of 
your lady-love being carried off by a rival. 
This wilderness contains nothing but Indians, 
excepting the old missionary and his charm- 
ing daughter. She will be under little temp- 
tation therefore to break her vows. 

Vernon. — Ah ! that is the misfortune. "We 
understood each other, I believe by such 
signs as nature involuntarily makes on such 
occasions ; but no word on the subject ever 
passed our lips. I was absent when she came 
off* here, and have had no chance of commu- 
nicating with her since. 

Lynford. — That, to be sure, was badly 
managed. You should have stated your 
argument in regular form — a syllogism in 
Barbara — and then, have required a catego- 
rical answer. But, I repeat that you have 
nothing to fear from rivalry, unless indeed, 
the famous young chief, Tangorua, should 



TANGORUA. 11 

enter tlie field against yon with his bow and 
arrow. 

Vernon. — Tangorua ! What do yon 
know of him ? 

Lynford. — I know him well. The first 
time I saw him, was at a grand conncil of 
whites and Indians, where many distinguished 
personages were present on both sides. He 
wore a robe embellished with the history of 
his achievements, a head-dress of eagle's 
plumes, and all the barbaric ornaments of a 
great chief. As he sat there, grave and 
patient as a bronze statue, I instinctively 
looked at his hand, to see if it did not grasp 
a sceptre. 

Vernon. — Does he speak our language ? 

Lynford. — As well as you or I. Having 
been instructed in the missionary schools 
when a boy, he is a very respectable scholar. 
His voice, too, is singularly musical, and 
seems to have been trained in elocution by 
some mountain brook, to all its varied and 
melancholy cadences. 



12 TANGORUA. 

Vernon. — Tlie missionaries, however, it 
seems, did not succeed in converting Mm. 

Lynford. — As to that, he made a profession 
of Christianity, and was baptised; but the 
Indian nature proved too strong for him. He 
still calls himself a Christian, but has engraft- 
ed upon his new faith many of the traditions 
and superstitions of his own people. 

Vernon. — What does Zangenberg think of 
him? 

Lynford. — The old missionary, you know, 
is an enthusiast ; and he has formed a theory. 
Now, when such a man forms a theory he is 
sure to make it fit in every point, though all 
nature should groan on a Procrustean bed. If 
facts are wanting, his imagination will supply 
them ; if they stand in his way, his memory 
will refuse to own them. External objects 
will be as plastic to his touch, as forms in 
potter's clay ; and reason, instead of directing 
opinion, will become its obsequious follower. 
Zangenberg's present theory is, that the na- 
tives of America are the descendants of the 
lost tribes of Israel. I believe he maintains 



TANGORUA. 18 

that some ages ago, in a fright, they leaped 
over Behring's Strait ; and to that extraordi- 
nary exertion, I suppose attributes the red- 
ness of their faces. 

Vernon. — This is no new theory. It has been 
supported by many competent judges; among 
.others, by our own William Penn. He knew 
the Indians well. And he made it his busi- 
ness to understand the language of the Dela- 
wares, that he might not want an interpreter 
on any occasion. He mingled freely with 
them, attended their festivals, joined in their 
sports, lived in their wigwams ; and all the 
while carefully studied their customs and 
characters. The result was, that he declared 
himself ready to believe them of the Jewish 
race. 

Lynford. — A few good reasons, would be of 
more weight in such a question, than the 
mere beliefs of a regiment of scholars. 

Vernon. — Their beliefs are by no means 
unsupported by reason. Penn declares that 
he finds the Indians of like countenance with 
the Jews ; and their children of so lively a 



14 TANGOKUA. 

resemblance, that one would tliink himself in 
the Jew's quarter in London, when he sees 
them at their plays. Some remarkable analo- 
gies have also been discovered between the 
Hebrew and Indian languages. There, too, 
is their worship of the Great Spirit ; and their 
freedom from idolatry; their division into 
tribes and families; their offerings of their 
first fruits ; their new moons and feasts ; their 
sanctum sanctorum ; their High Priests ; their 
customs of mourning, of purification, and 
many others. The argument is very curious 
and plausible, though certainly not conclu- 
sive. The holding of this opinion, therefore, 
is no proof of Zangenberg's unsoundness of 
mind. 

Lynford. — Be it so. I had supposed the 
theory originated with him ; and I would still 
venture to say that he is the first, who has 
proposed to apply it to practical results. In 
his opinion, the time is at hand for the resto- 
ration of these wanderers to the promised 
land. Tangorua, he believes is to be the 



TANGORUA. 16 

leader of this new Exodus; and, therefore, 
reverences him as another Moses. 

Vernon. — Considering the disturbed state 
of our affairs, and the restlessness of the In- 
dians, it strikes me that this Tangorua is a 
dangerous man. 

Lynford. — What! are you for knocking 
him on the head already? But, personal 
motives aside, he «5 a dangerous man. If the 
French continue their aggressions, and the 
rascally Assembly does not strengthen the 
hands of the Governor, we shall soon see. 

Yernon. — I hope the Assembly will stand 
fast where it now stands. 

Lynford. — Why should you reject the 
golden opportunity offered you by fortune ? 
Your father is in high favor with the pro- 
prietaries, and the most influential man in 
the Province. There is no honor, no station, 
to which you might not aspire under his pro- 
tection. But you join the opposition, and 
thus weaken him and ruin yourself. 

Yernon. — For my conduct, I might assign 
two sufficient reasons ; one, a sort of instinct 



16 TANGORUA. 

which forbids us of the New World, to own 
allegiance to the rulers of the Old. • Is it be- 
cause the commands are uttered so far away, 
that they lose their force, and are but feebly, 
echoed from our shores? Or, is it because 
all nature here, running an independent 
course, regardless of the forms and customs 
of other climes, we are impelled to imitate her 
example? Perhaps there is something in the 
air we breathe, in the clay we are made of, 
in the wild fruits of which we eat, in the 
fresh fountains at which we drink. Be that 
as it may, the coldest calculations of interest 
might teach us that hereafter, in this land, 
the way of ambition will be, not a royal, but 
a republican road. The elements of combus- 
tion are already collected in every corner. A 
single spark is wanting to set them in a blaze. 
The progress of events cannot fail soon to 
supply it ; and then will come an explosion 
that will send governors, council-men, all the 
minions of royalty, across the sea ; then loyalty 
will become treason, and rebellion patriotism. 
Then you will praise my wisdom, as much 



TANGORUA. 17 

as you now censure my folly. But more of 
tills hereafter. See, tlie sun is getting low : 
my way is across tlie river, towards the west ; 
and I must be off. 

Lynford. — My way is up the river 4;owards 
the north ; and, while I go to summon the 
great men, the wise councillors, the eloquent 
orators, and the mighty men of war of the 
wigwams, to meet our Solomons in council at 
Philadelphia, do you, see that the army arrest 
the progress of the French, or, depend upon 
it, that council will be held on French terri- 
tory. 

{Exeunt severally) 

(Eiiter Weeralioochiuee from his cave tender 
the hrow of the mountain^ where he has been 
overhearing the alone conversation) 

Weerahoochivee. — Go! and may thorns and 
blisters plague your steps ! This fellow gab- 
bles about chiefs and braves as flippantly as 
if they were straggling hounds, and he sent 
out to whistle them home. But, for all that, 
they will obey the summons. Their great 



18 TANGORUA. 

fatlier, tlie governor, will receive them witli 
coaxing looks and words, pat tlieir heads and 
wag their paws, feast them on foreign luxu- 
ries, make them drunk on Christian brandy, 
then spread before them the wondrous trea- 
sures of civilization, — cloth of scarlet and 
vermilion paint ; knives, hatchets, Jew's-harps, 
beads, powder, lead, tobacco, pipes and rum ; 
lace of gold, and endless strings of wam- 
pum, (1.) All these, will he bestow with 
flattering speeches ; and, in return, will only 
ask a little land : — a river's length or so, and 
no broader than a swift footed youth can 
walk across in a two or three days' journey 
Such will be the bargain ; and so it will be 
gravely written down as a new Indian pur- 
chase. Where will all these fine things be 
when the snow has melted and returned 
again ? Of the rum, nothing will remain but 
the thirst for more; the powder will have 
blown away the lead ; the pipes sent the to- 
bacco to the clouds ; the red cloth will be torn 
and faded ; the Jew's-harps out of tune ; the 
wampum spent in speech-making. A few 



TANGORUA. 19 

baubles, will, perliaps, bo found among tlie 
cliildren. But the land Avill still be there. 
White men will come like flocks of birds to 
build their homes on it. It will remain to 
them and theirs forever. Strange, that they 
should be thus careful to provide for genera- 
tions yet unborn ; whilst Ave barter away our 
homes for trinkets; not reserving earth 
enough even to cover our bones. What can 
we do more to prove our hospitality ? Trace 
the longest river to its source, cross the last 
mountain, follow the sun to the land where 
he shines no more. Is that all? Nay, we 
are busy already with tomahawks and scalp- 
ing-knives, tribe against tribe, exterminating 
ourselves for their advantage. Why this 
folly? Is it because of the redness of our 
skins? No, white men are no wiser here 
than we. The Frenchman hates the English- 
man; they quarrel because their fathers did 
so, and fight for lands neither can occupy. 
The English provinces wrangle with each 
other, over the spoils ; and to gain a favorite 
boundary, not only make straight lines 



20 TANGORUA. 

crooked, and sTiort ones long, but sliove 
aside mountains, and turn rivers from tlieir 
courses; at least so far as words and oaths 
can do it. Even this Province, it seems, is 
divided against itself; and tlie cliiefs and 
councillors are at loggerheads. So goes the 
world; beasts, birds, fishes, insects, follow 
man's example : scalping their fellows, or fly- 
ing for their lives, is their chief employment. 
For there are cruel braves, sneaking wolves, 
crouching panthers, grizzly bears, in the air 
and in the water, as well as in the forest. 
Mad confusion reigns every where, except in 
Weerahoochwee's soul. Who can say that 
passion ever changed any purpose of his? 
Who ever knew his anger to overflow in 
words ? When did hate drive him on too 
fast, or love cause him to linger ? Or when 
did fear make his steps tremble ? Or dreams 
frighten him from the shortest path? No! 
others are driven about like leaves before the 
shifting wind ; he stands rooted like the oak, 
the enemy alike of all who trespass on the 
soil of his fathers. And now, while they are 



TAN GO KU A. 21 

wrangling, like a pack of wolves, now is 
the time to drive them out. United coun- 
cils will furnish the means, and Tangorua 
will serve as a fit instrument ; for the warriors 
of many nations will follow his lead, and he 
will follow mine. Thus do I hold them all, 
as arrows in my quiver, to be shot forth at 
my discretion. Now to my cave. There I 
will spin a magic thread, which shall bind 
their passions to my purpose, like a bundle 
of reeds. 

{Exit) 



22 T A N G O K U A. 



SECTION II. 

At the Moravian Mission, some miles above the former 
place.— A moonlight Tyfight.— Miriam and Kazuka sit- 
ting on the river bank in front of the Mission-House. 

Kazuka. — Is my sister asleep? Slie has 
not spoken for so long. 

Miriam. — Be quiet, cliild ! I am far away 
in tlie Father-Land, and you must not call 
me back yet awhile. Tell me, Kazuka, what 
is the name of this river ? 

Kazuha. — Why, surely you know ; it is the 
Susquehanna. 

Miriam. — No ! no ! it is the Ehine, it is the 
Rhine! I know it well, for I was born on 
its banks. And why do I call you Kazuka? 
Are not you my little sister Margaret, and 
have we not always lived in our father's cot- 
tage up yonder? 

Kazuka. — I am your sister, indeed, but, (I 
cannot help it) my name is Kazuka, and 
this river is the Susquehanna. 



TANGORUA. 23 

Miriam. — Nonsense! child, you must be 
dreaming. AYhy, do you not see those green 
fields, and those orchards in full bloom, and 
those vineyards as we always saw them ? 

Kazuha. — Try all I can, I see only the 
green woods and the blossoms of the dog- 
wood trees, and a few wild grape-vines. 

Miriam. — But see the villages all along the 
banks ; and far off there the great city which 
we used to visit sometimes. 

Kazuka. — I cannot see them. They look 
to me like wigwams. They belong to the 
Minisinks and the Shawanese ; and instead of 
a city I see only clouds hanging on the top 
of that mountain in the distance. 

Miriam.. — Oh, Margaret ! what strange 
words you do talk! Wigwams! Minisinks! 
and Shawanese! But be yourself now, and 
look where I am pointing. You see that 
crag which seems to rise straight up from the 
water's-edge to the clouds. Is there not a 
ruined castle on the top of it? And have 
you not often heard that it was built by a 
robber chieftain more than a thousand years 



24 TANGORUA. 

ago ? And have you not often sat with me 
and listened to wild legends of things done 
there till we were both scared out of our 
wits? 

Kazuha.—li is a very high rock, and our 
people say there was always an eagle's nest 
there ; but that is all I ever heard about it. 

Miriam. — Well, well, I see we are not 
likely to agree this evening. Give me my 
guitar and let us sing that duett which I 
taught you yesterday. 

* ■» ^f * * «• * 

Miriam. — Kazuka, have you studied your 
lessons to-day? 

Kazuka. — I have tried, but many strange 
thoughts came into my head and puzzled me. 
I would like to ask you a few questions. 

Miriam. — Yery well ; I will explain what- 
ever I can. 

Kaziika. — I used to think that the sky was 
stretched out, like a curtain, not very far 
above our heads, and that heaven was up 
there. But your books tell me there is no 
sky ; that all is dark and empty above us. 



T A N G O R U A. 25 

Where then is the throne of God, and where 
do the spirits live ? 

Minam.— These are hard questions, Kaznka. 

Kazuha. — When our Saviour called Lazarus 
out of the tomb, where did his spirit come 
from, and why did he not tell all about the 
spirit-world ? 

if^V^am.— What has put such questions 
into your head, child ? 

Kazuka. — You say that the Great Spirit 
created all things out of nothing; but who 
created him ? 

Miriam. — No one, for he always existed. 

Kazulca. — I cannot understand that. But 
if there was nothing before him, where did 
he come from, and how did he come into 
existence ? 

Miriam. — I cannot tell you. 

Kazuka. — But if he was all powerful, and 
made all things as he pleased, why did he 
not give all men good hearts ? 

Miriam. — ^I cannot tell. 

Kazuka. — You say that we must believe in 
Christ to be saved ; what then has become of 



26 TANGOKUA. 

all our people who have died but never heard 
of him ? 

Miriam. — Strange that this poor child 
should be troubled with thoughts like these I 

Kazuha. — It is said that whoever repents 
and believes shall be saved. But one man 
may live a wicked life till he is old, and 
repent just before he dies ; while another 
dies young before he has repented. Will 
one of these be saved and the other lost ? 

Miriam. — Come, child, you need a wiser 
instructor than I am. But tell me, do you 
believe nothing but what you understand ? 
Let me ask you a few questions now. Why 
are some people born handsome and some 
ugly? some strong and healthy, others de- 
formed and miserable? Why do some die 
in childhood, and some live to old age ? 
Why are the wicked often prosperous, and 
the good unfortunate ? You know that these 
things are so, but can you explain them? 
Do you even understand your self? Why is 
it that some sounds make you laugh, and 
others make you weep? Why do some 



T A N G R U A. 27 

things taste sweet and others bitter? Why 
do some sights fill you with pleasure, and 
others with fear or disgust ? A few weeks 
ago these trees were bare and seemed to be 
dead ; now they are full of leaves and blos- 
soms and as much alive as we are. What is 
the difference between the spirit that dwells 
in them, and our spirits ? 

Kazuha. — Stop, my sister; please do not 
ask me any more ; I know nothing, and I am 
getting bewildered. 

Miriam. — You know as much about these 
things, and about the things you asked me, 
as the wisest people in the world. We must 
take life as we find it, and not stand still 
asking questions and wondering about things 
we can never understand. But what makes 
you so melancholy, Kazuka ? I have noticed 
it for several days. Never mind, Tangorua 
will soon be here. 

Kazuha. — Please do not speak to me of 
Tangorua ? 

Miriam. — And why not ? He loves you I 



28 T A N G O R U A. 

am sure, and you will not deny that you love 
him. 

Kazuha. — IS'o! He loves somebody else a 
thousand times better than me. 

Miriam. — What ! is it possible that you are 
jealous of somebody? Who can it be? I 
know of no maiden among all your people 
who is handsome enough to be your rival. 
Come, tell me ; who is it, child ? 

Kazuka, — [^Bursting into tears^ — It is not 
kind in my sister to mock me so. 

Miriam. — My dear child, I did not mean to 
wound your feelings. If you do not like to 
tell me your secret, I will not urge you. But 
I am sure you are mistaken. Tangorua loves 
nobody but you. 

Kazuha. — Indeed he does. I thought you 
knew it ; but I am sure of it ; and many 
others know it ; he loves you, and nobody 
but you. 

Miriam. — Impossible ! Nobody ever heard 
of such a thing! jealousy has turned your 
brain. 



T A N G O R U A. 29 

Kazulm. — Ko, he loves you, and expects 
you to be his wife. 

Miriam. — [J.6v'c?6^]. — Merciful heaven sus- 
tain me I pray, for I am overwhelmed 
with shame and horror! A thousand inci- 
dents, unmarked at the time, but too well 
remembered now, tell me that this dreadful 
tale is true. Oh, I have been blind and 
stupid! I have myself digged the pit into 
which I have fallen. But thou knowest, 
Eternal Father, that I have done it igno- 
rantly! I have loved him as my own 
brother; have cheered and instructed him, 
and endeavoured to call forth the affections 
of his heart that they might rise as sweet 
incense to thy Throne. But lo! they fall 
like mildew upon myself. Farewell all the 
hopes I have so fondly cherished ! This love 
will soon turn to bitter hate; and I who 
thought myself a chosen instrument of Provi- 
dence, to aid in winning these people to the 
knowledge of the true God, will prove a 
stumbling block and an offence. 



30 T A N G O K U A. 

Kazuha. — \_Enter Zangeiibery.] — Here 
comes your fatlier. 

Zmigenberg. — Why, daughter, I have been 
looking for you everywhere. I wish to have 
some conversation with you. Come, let us 
walk on the river bank, while Kazuka carries 
your instrument back to the house. But how 
is this? You are agitated; you have been 
weeping ; have you some private grief which 
you will not confide to me ? tell me what it 
is that troubles you, [Exit Kazuka?^ 

Miriam. — Pardon me, father! ISTot now, 
not now! You said you had something to 
say to me ; pray what is it ? 

Zangenherrj. — I have something to say that 
has for a long time lain very near my heart, 
and which also deeply concerns you. This 
little flock which we have gathered here in 
the wilderness, is surrounded by ravening 
wolves. But, by the blessing of God, they 
shall not be devoured. The same faith that 
brought me here, sustains me still, and will 
sustain me to the end, — a firm conviction (in 
spite of all past discouragements,) that the 



T A N G O K U A. 81 

red man may be civilized and Cliristianized. I 
feel as sure of it as if it had been revealed to 
me from heaven. Perhaps it has been, for I 
see it as clearly as I see yonder star that 
shines the brightest. And though, like that 
star, it may be far distant, and the manner 
and the nature of it be buried in the impene- 
trable depths, I am not the less sure that the 
light now shines, and will shine on forever. 
Yes, my child, the time will come when this 
Avhole race will drink of the waters of salva- 
tion ; and to this spot they will then look 
back as the fountain from which those waters 
first began to flow towards them. 

Miriam. — It is a glorious vision, father. 

Zangenherg. — And God will establish it into 
a glorious reality. Yerily, it is a cause worth 
living for, and worth dying for. Oh, that we 
could raise ourselves to the sublime height 
of the mission to which we are called ! Then, 
even as our Divine Master took upon himself 
an inferior nature, and endured all the ills of 
humanity for our sakes, so should we be able 
to lay aside all pride, all selfishness, all the 



32 TANGORUA. 

prejudices and passions of our fallen nature, 
and dedicate our bodies and souls, our dear- 
est hopes and affections, to tlie gathering in 
of these our poor wandering brethren. 

Miriam. — My dear father, I am but a weak 
and timid woman ; but if your duty calls you 
into a deeper wilderness than this, I am ready 
to go with you ; and if there are new depri- 
vations and sufferings in store for you, God, 
I am sure, will give me strength to share 
them with you. 

Zangenherg. — These are blessed words, my 
child. They have dispelled all my fears, and 
assure me that my fondest hopes will be re- 
alised. I shall now speak without reserve, 
what I have long been afraid to say. You 
know that my hopes chiefly centre in Tan- 
gorua. Educated, able, eloquent, and popu- 
lar, I am convinced that he, and he alone, can 
sway the destinies of the Six Nations, and 
through them of the whole Indian race. "We 
must, therefore, lose no opportunity to bind 
him to this cause. Kow he has ever looked 
up to me as his teacher and spiritual guide, 



TANGORUA. 83 

and I have found liim docile and affectionate. 
But he is strongly attached to the traditions 
of his ancestors; and there are influences 
now at work, which I greatly fear will lead 
him. astray, unless some stronger power than 
mine is used to control him. It remains for 
you, my daughter, to save him, and keep him 
true to his destiny ; for, lion as he is, you, I 
know, can lead him as with a silken thread. 

Miriam. — I lead him ! How can that be ? 

Zangeiiherg. — My daughter, he belongs to a" 
race different from ours, and God has given 
him a different complexion; but he is made 
in the same image, redeemed by the same 
blood, endowed with the same immortality. 
If you seek for true nobility of soul, I know 
not where you will find a nobler nature than 
his. In the eye of reason, and still more in 
the light of religion, true dignity and worth 
reside in the inner, not in the outer man. 
Well, my child, Tangorua loves you with a 
pure and earnest affection. And when my 
eyes are about to close in their last sleep, let 
them rather see you the mistress of Tango- 



84 TANGORUA. 

rua's wigwam, than the sharer of any throne 
on earth. You shall be the heaven-directed 
agent of a great reformation. Your name 
will live forever in the memories of the red 
men ; and you shall be called blessed among 
women. Bat, how is this ! be composed, my 
child ! What, is it possible ? [MiTia7n swoons.'] 
— Such are the fruits of rashness. I ought 
to have remembered the reconciling power of 
familiarity; for, when slowly and carefully 
introduced, our eyes will learn to look with- 
out blanching on apparitions, which, abruptly 
rising, blast them. 

\_Exit Zangenherg, hearing Miriam in his 
arms^ 



TANGOKUA. 35 



SECTION III. 

At 'Weerahoochwee's Cave, on Mount Berry. Present 
■WeeraiLoochwee and Tangorua. 

WeeraJioochwee. — I have been expecting you, 
for I knew yon wonld obey the summons that 
was sent you. You are going to add a new 
link to that cbain of friendship which already 
weighs so heavily upon the red man. 

Tangorua. — It is well to be bound by such 
a chain ; the heavier the better. 

Weerahoochiuee. — What good do you expect 
from this friendship ? 

Tangorua. — You, who have been studying 
wisdom all your life, ought to know that 
friendship is a good in itself, and therefore to 
be cultivated for its own sake. It is the sun- 
shine of the heart; and neither fruits nor 
flowers can grow there without it. But, 
though friendship is always good, this friend- 
ship of the white man is the best of all for us ; 



86 TANGORUA. 

for he is richer, wiser, and stronger than we. 
By trading with him, we may share his 
weaUh ; he can teach ns many things our 
fathers never knew, and which it would take 
us long to find out. We know what strength 
is found in friendship ; our Six Nations have 
become a powerful coafederacy in virtue of 
their friendship. Let us receive our white 
brethren into this union, and we may defy all 
our enemies; or, if we choose, we may con- 
quer the world with our arms. 

Weerahoochivee. — No doubt they are a wise 
and great people ; and why should we poor 
savages stand in the way of their progress ? 
A white skin is surely more beautiful than a 
red one; and they are made of finer clay 
than we. Let them come on, then, and take 
possession of the land. Instead of our vil- 
lages of shivering wigwams, they will build 
splendid cities, which the blasts of winter 
can neither shake nor enter. And these 
forests, which scarcely afford our little bands 
food enough to satisfy their hunger, they will 
turn into rich harvest-fields, which shall feed 



TANGORUA. 37 

whole nations. Snrely sucli a people ought 
to prevail. And if we are humble and obe- 
dient, they will no doubt take us under their 
protection. They will teach us to plough and 
dig, and carry burdens, and do all manner of 
civilized work. Out of the riches we earn 
for them, they will give us food and clothing, 
and sometimes, perhaps, a glass of rum, to 
make our hearts glad. Having a fatherly 
care over us, they will see that we do our 
duty ; when we are wicked or lazy, they will 
flog us ; and thus, in time, we shall come to be 
as industrious and virtuous as they are. Go 
on, then, Tangorua, and say to your white 
friends in council, that we are tired of 
liberty; beg them, on your knees, to receive 
us as their slaves ; tell them we are anxious 
to serve them, because they are rich, and 
wise, and powerful. 

Tangorua. — Your words are full of thorns, 
but they have no power to sting me. Who- 
ever charged Tangorua with want of fidelity 
to the interests of his people ? I know the 

white men well. I have studied in their 
4 



38 T A N G O R U A. 

schools, lived in their cities, tasted of all the 
pleasures they enjoy, and might have re- 
mained among them as long as I live. But I 
chose rather to return to my own people, to 
live as they live, and to share their fortunes. 
If it may be so, let the white man be our 
neighbor, and let us live in peace and friend- 
ship with him. But, if this cannot be ; if each 
cannot enjoy his own mode of life; if one 
must give way to the other, then our right is 
the best, and he must leave. Our old men 
remember when he first came here ; but who 
can tell the time when our fathers were not 
in possession ? Is not the very soil composed 
of the dust of our generations ? 

WeeraJioochwee. — But what can you answer 
when they compare their greatness with our 
littleness ? Is it right that rats and ground- 
hogs should occupy lands where the elk and 
the deer wish to live ? Do not the nobler 
beasts always trample upon the meaner 
ones? 

Tangorua. — If they ask why we build 
such miserable houses, or why we hunt in 



TANGORUA. 89 

the forests instead of clearino^ tlicm and till- 
ing tlie ground, I answer, because we clioose 
to do so, and it suits tlie maoners of our 
people. When they tell us we occupy too 
much room, and that a great many more of 
their people could live on the same land, I 
will point to these mountains which obstruct 
us in our hunting, and which even they 
could never cultivate, and to these barren 
rocks, where no game is to be found, and 
where no green thing will ever grow. The 
Great Spirit who made these things which 
seem so unprofitable, made "us also, and 
placed us here. Here, whatever others may 
do, I intend to stay : I will live here as my 
fathers lived, and when I die, my bones shall 
lie here with theirs. 

Weerahoochwee. — I never doubted that your 
heart was true, and I struck the flint only 
that I might draw some sparks of fire out of 
it. Bat if you would serve and save your 
people you must awake from this dream of 
friendship for the white man. Let us judge 
the future by the past. Are we more power- 



40. TANGORUA. 

ful now than wlien they first landed on our 
shores ? Our people were then numerous as 
the leaves in summer ; now they are like the 
green things of the forest in winter — a few 
pine trees and laurel bushes scattered among 
the hills — all the rest have withered and 
died. Have we grown wiser and better ? 
Falsehood, fraud and drunkenness, are all the 
virtues we have learned from them. Are we 
richer ? From the sea shore to where the sun 
disappeared in the west, the whole country 
then belonged to us ; we have ever since been 
ascending the streams, like shad in spring- 
time ; but no offspring of ours will ever return 
to the homes we have left. Their incroach- 
ments are as inexorable as those of time itself; 
and they will as surely extinguish the life of 
our race as old age will extinguish yours and 
mine. The grey hairs are already appearing, 
the eye is growing dim, and the limbs are 
losing their vigor. Every year will add to 
this decay, until these strangers, having buried 
the last of us, will stand upon the grave and 
say, the red man's heart has ceased to beat. 



T A N G O R U A. 41 

Tangorua. — Sucli thouglits liave often swept 
like dark clouds across mj soul. In vain do 
I banisli them, for darker ones still gather in 
their stead. It must be so : the Great Spirit 
has cast us off forever. Else, why did not 
the waves swallow up the ships which first 
brought these people among us? Where 
were the winds that they did not blow them 
to some other part of the world ? Why were 
our fathers so weak as to receive them with 
open arms instead of bended bows ? Behold ! 
the fruits of their hospitality and love. Woe 
to the red man! his dearest virtues have 
become the instruments of his destruction. 
Woe to the red man ! If he makes war, he 
falls before the strange weapons of his ene- 
mies; if he seeks peace he perishes in the 
embrace of his friends. To save ourselves it 
is too late ; but show me at least how we may 
revenge ourselves ; then will Tangorua imi- 
tate the panther in the treachery of his 
approach, and the cruelty of his spring. 

Weeralioochiuee. — You do well to mourn 
over the past. We have poisoned the fountain 
ourselves, and it is fit we should drink of its 



42 TANGORUA. 

bitter waters. At the beginning our enemies 
might have been destroyed like a brood of 
serpents in their nests, at a single blow; but 
we spared them, protected them, and encour- 
aged them, to grow and spread themselves 
about us, till now their thousand hisses 
threaten us with destruction. But let us not 
despair of the future. The cloud which floats 
lazily along when the air is calm, is as 
harmless and peaceful as a fawn grazing in 
the pastures; but when the tempest comes to 
drive it forward, it grows more angry and 
frowns more darkly as it flies, until at length 
from its wrathful bosom leaps the thunder- 
bolt. Is not such even now the temper of our 
warriors? Away then and lead them to battle ! 

Tangorua. — I have long cherished other 
hopes, which were deeply rooted in my heart ; 
but I here tear them forth and cast them from 
me forever. I go to meet the white men in 
council, but I will turn that council into a 
war-dance, and for a treaty I will exchange 
the red belt with them. 

Weerahoochwee. — Before you came I slept, 
and in my sleep a vision of the future passed 



TANGORUA. 43 

before me. I saw all the warriors of many 
nations assembled under the war-flas; of 
Tangorna, and as they marched, our enemies 
fled like grasshoppers. Some escaped into 
the sea, and a great multitude were trampled 
under foot. After this, I saw Tangorua lead- 
ing a beautiful white maiden, the last of her 
race, to his wigwam ; and from it came forth, 
as I looked, many generations of great chiefs, 
in whose veins was mingled the best blood of 
the white and the red man, and who ruled 
for long ages with wisdom and justice over a 
great and happy people. I awoke from my 
dream and found you standing before me. 

Tangorua. — In sleep the mind is like a 
stagnant pool, from which vapours sometimes 
rise and assume strange and fantastic shapes. 
And the spirit of man sometimes descends 
the stream of time, and sees what is passing 
on the distant shores of the future long before 
his life bark has floated down to them. 

[_Exit:\ 

Weerahoochiuee. — This young chief is cer- 
tainly honest and patriotic, but then it is mar- 
velous how the noblest virtues are strengthened 



44 TANGORUA. 

when one's own selfisli interests can be used 
to prop tliem. How his eyes kindled as I 
told my vision ! He is no believer in dreams 
forsooth ; but then dreams have sometimes 
proved true, and why not this one? He ac- 
knowledges that his love for the white maiden 
is deeply rooted in his heart ; but he is willing 
to pluck out those roots for the sake of his 
people. We must not let him try so danger- 
ous an experiment. Let them grow there 
for the present ; they will hold him faster 
than all his patriotism and ambition. He 
shall be indulged with this toy until his work 
is accomplished : then I will toss it into the 
fire, though he should blubber like a child 
for it. A mong^rel breed of chiefs to rule 
over the future generations of red men ! 
Why, this would be to yield half the fruits of 
victory to our conquered enemies. No ! not 
one drop of their blood shall live here in any 
veins, much less in the veins of our people. 
Strong is Taugorua's love for the white 
maiden, but stronger yet is Weerahoochwee's 
hate for all the race of pale faces. 

[Exit.] 



T A N G O R U A. 45 



SECTION lY. 

At Philadelphia.— Present, the Lieut.-Governor and 
his Council. 

1st Council-man. — The messenger sent to 
tTie Indian Chiefs has returned, and is now 
here ready to report. 

Lieut.- Governor. — Let him be called in im- 
mediately. [Enter Lynford.] Sir, I con- 
gratulate you on your safe return from your 
dangerous mission. We are anxious to hear 
your report. 

Lynford. — Your Excellency is very oblig- 
ing. I am glad indeed to find myself here 
again with my scalp safe on my head; for I 
have seen many wild animals since I left, 
both brute and human. I have visited some 
of each kind in their lairs, and, in truth, their 
manners and pursuits seem to be much alike. 
Their industry is employed upon the same 
ends; and as to their amusements I hardly 



46 T A N G R U A. 

know whicli is the more innocent and attrac- 
tive. If I were to speak as a musician, for 
instance, I skoukl be obliged to own that I 
prefer the bowl of a wolf, to the yell of an 
Indian. Tastes differ however, and — 

Lieut- Governor. — I must desire you, sir, to 
speak more directly to the purpose: these 
descriptions would be more suitable elsewhere 
than here. 

Lynford. — Your Excellency will please to 
excuse me. I have been so long among 
wild scenes, that my tongue has perhaps 
caught the infection, and forgotten the laws 
of decorum. But I will endeavor to come 
to the point at once. After I had crossed the 
borders of civilization, I made my way (liter- 
ally made it, sir, for there was none to follow,) 
over mountains which compelled me to go up 
past the clouds, which lowered as if ready to 
burst with anger to see me out-climb them ; 
and across streams, great and small, without 
number, which, though evidently running 
with all their might, were yet unable to carry 
off the deluge of water fast enough, since 



T A N G R U A. 47 

their banks were everywhere overflowed ; and 
throiigli a wilderness that was perpetual, ex- 
cept that here and there the prospect was re- 
lieved by a clear patch, an acre or so, of rock, 
and so I climbed, waded and swam on to- 
wards the head waters of the Susquehanna. * 

Lieut- Oovernor. — I must again desire you, 
sir, to speak more to the purpose. 

Lynford. — Certainly, sir ! I shall be as brief 
as possible. I succeeded at last in finding 
some fellows who called themselves chiefs; 
but I could hardly believe this, since it im- 
plied that there was somebody inferior to 
them, and it was not easy to conceive of any- 
thing lower in the scale of humanity than 
themselves. They acknowledged, however, 
that there were yet greater men than they 
among their people ; and these they agreed to 
send for. After many days several of the 
higher nobles (and they certainly did look 
more diabolically savage than the others,) 
came in. But the most illustrious potentate 
was still wanting. This was the young Chief 
Tangorua. He also finally came, and the con- 



48 TANGORUA. 

STiltation began. How this chief came to be 
an inhabitant of these forests I cannot imagine, 
for he clearly belongs to a different clime. 
He is a lion among bears and wolves ; and it 
is wonderful to see how the inferior beasts 
instinctively acknowledge his royalty. He 
walks among — 

Lieut.- Governor. — Eelate briefly what was 
said, sir ; we all know Tangorua. 

Lynford. — Well, sir, after I had delivered 
my message, many pipes were smoked, and 
a long discussion took place among them- 
selves. Tangorua then called for me, and in 
a tone which seemed to me compounded of 
courtesy and contempt in equal proportions, 
said: that he felt himself much honored by 
the governor's invitation, and was sorry to be 
obliged to decline so great a distinction. He 
did not know that he had any particular busi- 
ness at Philadelphia, he said, and felt sure 
that he had no desire to go there. That if 
the governor wished to see him, he would 
be happy at any time to receive him, at his 
wigwam. The distance he believed would 



T A N G O R U A. 49 

be about the same for one as for the 
other, and the governor he was sure could 
command much better means of traveling 
than he could. I reminded him that your 
Excellency was much occupied with the cares 
of government, and that the records of all for- 
mer transactions were kept here, and could 
not well be removed. That Philadelphia was 
therefore the proper place for holding coun- 
cils. He replied that without meaning to 
compare his labors with those of the gover- 
nor he must be allowed to observe, that he had 
his engagements also. And as to the records 
he had them all there, carefully written upon 
the memories of his old men. It is true, he 
added, that my copies do not exactly agree 
with the copies at Philadelphia ; but that the 
time had gone by when things were to be 
admitted as true, merely because they had 
been written down by a governor's clerk. In 
conclusion he said : " This then is my answer, 
if the governor wishes to see me he must 
come here." Finding him in this temper, 
and believing that in the present troubled 



50 T A N G R U A. 

state of affairs, you considered a meeting of 
great importance, and would be willing to 
make any reasonable concessions to bring it 
about, I tbougbt it best to propose a compro- 
mise, and therefore suggested, that you would 
perhaps be willing to meet him at some in- 
termediate point. After much consideration 
and consultation with the others, he finally 
agreed to go as far as Lancaster ; and I pro- 
mised in your nariie, that you would meet 
him there. This seemed to me necessary 
under the circumstances, and I hope it will 
meet your approbation. 

Lieut.- Governor, — No, sir ! You have greatly 
exceeded your authority, and I shall not 
recognise your promise. To go a long j ourney 
from the seat of government for such a pur- 
pose, would be to make ourselves ridiculous. 
I, at least, shall not do it. 

Lynford. — Considering the present temper 
of the Indians, I fear such refusal will have 
serious consequences. 

Lieut.- Governor. — I shall take care of the con- 
sequences, and find means to chastise their in- 



T A N G O K U A. 51 

solence. Tliey now refuse to come liere as 
friends; tliey will soon be glad to come as 
suppliants. 

1st Council-man — If I venture to remon- 
strate with your Excellency against tliis deci- 
sion, my longer experience in Indian affairs 
must serve as my apology. It has ever been 
thought expedient by the rulers of this Pro- 
vince to humor the pride, and even the 
whims of the Indians; and in my judgment, 
such concessions on the present occasion, 
would be found much cheaper and more 
effectual than the employment of force. 

Lieut.- Governor. — Such I am aware was the 
policy of my predecessors. I am for a differ- 
ent policy; and the sooner it is begun the 
better. 

2(i Council -'}na7i. — The French spare no 
pains to entice the Indians into their alliance ; 
and it has heretofore required our utmost 
efforts to counteract their machinations. To 
slight them now would be to throw them 
directly iuto the arms of the French. 

All the CoutlcU men. — This, we think, would 



52 T A N G O R U A. 

be a most unfortunate time to change our an- 
cient policy towards the Indians. To refuse 
this meeting, would inevitably bring most 
serious mischiefs upon this Province. 

Lieut.' Governor. [After a long pause.'] Gentle- 
men, my judgment is decidedly against the 
course you recommend ; but, I am unwilling 
at this early period of my administration to 
act in so important a matter against the unani- 
mous advice of my council. I shall go to 
Lancaster, therefore ; though most reluctantly, 
and with the conviction that I am greatly 
compromising the dignity of my station. Let 
the Assembly be informed of the time and 
place of the meeting, and requested to ap- 
point commissioners to accompany us, if such 
is their pleasure. As many of you as can 
make it convenient will also attend, gentle- 
men. (2) 

Enter a Messenger — A committee of Qua- 
kers are at the door, and wish to have an in- 
terview with the governor. 

Lieut.- Governor. — Let them be admitted. — 
[£Jntjr Callender and other Friends.] 



TANGORUA. 53 

Callender. — The Friendly Association for 
the promotion of peace with the Indians have 
instructed us to wait upon the governor, to 
receive his answer to the application formerly 
made by them for permission to examine the 
minutes of council relative to Indian pur- 
chases and treaties. 

Lieut.- Governor. — The treaty-making power 
belongs exclusively to the Executive, or to 
such agents as may be specially appointed 
for the purpose by his Majesty. I see no pro- 
priety, therefore, in allowing the Quakers or 
any other class of citizens, to meddle in such 
matters. 

Callender. — The governor is not, perhaps 
aware of the peculiar relation which the peo- 
ple he is pleased to call Quakers, sustain 
towards the Indians. If he had been longer 
amongst us, he would have known that the 
Indians cherish much love and veneration for 
the memory of the illustrious Founder of this 
Province ; and that they look upon the Friends 
of the present day, as the especial representa- 
tives of his character and principles. If the 



64 TANGORUA. 

governor will take the trouble to inquire into 
tlie matter, lie will find that the Friends have 
on several occasions, been the happy instru- 
ments of affecting reconciliations with our 
Indian neighbors when all other influences 
have failed ; and he will, perhaps, find some 
reason for believing, that the great advantages, 
in peace and friendship with the natives, 
which this Province has enjoyed over the 
neighbouring Provinces, have been in no 
small degree owing to the efforts and influ 
ence of Friends. 

A Council man^ [one of the Proprietary 
Agents.] — Some of us can at least testify, ''that 
they have never been sparing of their advice ; 
though we may not have been so fortunate 
as to witness the good results of their efforts. 
I have also observed, that their zeal for the 
public interests, have never made them un- 
mindful for a moment of the special interests 
of the Society of Friends. No doubt, they 
have been able to reconcile these public and 
private ends to their own satisfaction, at least. 

CaUender. — And also, we trust, to the satis- 



TANGORUA. 55 

faction of all honest men. Thou hast had ani- 
ple opportunities, friend Richard, for obser- 
vation, without doubt ; and thy experience as a 
proprietary agent, will, perhaps, enable thee 
to bear testimony to certain other occurrences 
which the governor may find it interesting 
and profitable to hear of. Thou canst tell, I 
presume, of more than one occasion of trouble 
with the Indians, the provincial treasury being 
empty, and the proprietary agents refusing 
to make any advances of money, when our 
people came forward and contributed the ne- 
cessary amount from their own pockets. We 
had always supposed, that our fellow-citizens 
of all denominations, and the proprietaries, 
and even their agents, derived an equal bene- 
fit with ourselves from the peace which we 
were thus the happy instruments of preserv- 
ing. If thou dost not chose to speak of these 
occurrences, but can remember any occasion 
on which we withheld our means, or refused 
our aid to the public service, or pursued our own 
private advantage apart from the general ad- 
vantage of the Province, it would be as great a 



56 TANGORUA. 

pleasure to us to hear those instances speci- 
fied, as it will, no doubt, be to thee to relate 
them. But as general charges can give the 
governor no useful information, so obscure 
insinuations can do no honor to him who 
makes them. 

Proprietary Agent. — The purchasing of land 
from the Indians belongs to the proprietaries 
alone ; it is entirely a matter between them 
and the Indians ; the private citizen has no- 
thing to do with it. 

Callender. — Thee well knows, friend Eich- 
ard, and all this council know, that the Pro- 
vince of Pennsylvania was settled upon very 
different principles from the other colonies of 
his Majesty. The original adventurers were 
men of substance and reputation. They pur- 
chased their lands from the first proprietor, 
who, on his part, engaged to protect them 
against all claims from the native inhabitants, 
and all other persons ; and so it is mentioned 
in their deeds. For this protection he re- 
ceived an annual quit rent, which not only 
sufficed to extinguish the Indian titles, but 



TANGORUA. 57 

left a large balance in his hands for making 
further purchases. During the life of William 
Penn these agreements were faithfully ob- 
served on both sides ; and if the Indians have 
not been fairly dealt with since his death, it 
is a matter in which all honest men ai;e inter- 
ested, but which especially interests such of 
us as hold lands under the original deeds. 

Pro;prietarg Agent. — If the Indians have 
complaints to make let them specify them ; it 
is for them to prove their charges, not to call 
on us for the evidence. 

Callender. — It is necessary again to remind 
thee, friend Eichard, of some circum- 
stances, as to which thy memory seems de- 
fective. Those transactions with the Indians 
were of a very peculiar character. The 
opportunities for fraud were great, and their 
only security was to be found in the integrity 
of the white men. Eecords were made upon 
one side only, and these were to be kept for 
the benefit of both. A dispute having now 
arisen, — it is strange language to hear, that 
the Indians must produce their proofs. Such 



58 TANGORUA. 

was not the intention of Wm. Penn, and we 
feel bound to protest against it in tlie name 
of honesty and good faith. Our desire to see 
justice done the Indians ; our regard for the 
good name of the Province ; and a prudent 
care of our own interests as land-holders, 
have alike urged us to make this application 
for permission to examine the original records. 
We have great respect for the proprietaries ; 
but we suppose them as well as their agents 
to be fallible men ; and we believe it hath 
ever been held a most salutary principle of 
justice, that in the settlement of disputed 
questions, a party interested ought not to be 
subjected to the temptation of testifying in 
his own behalf. 

Lieut- Governor. — These transactions with 
the Indians are, it is true, of a very peculiar 
character. Thej might choose to dispute our 
records, if they were shown to them. The 
decision must be with us at Qast. It is neces- 
sary to deal with them as with children; 
endeavoring to impress them with a sense 
of our kindness, indeed ; but also of our 



TANGORUA. 59 

authority. If they prove disobedient, we 
must chastise them. To attempt to indulge 
them in all their capricious humors, would 
be absurd and ruinous. 

Callender, — The policy of conciliation com- 
menced by Wm. Penn in this province, was 
long faithfully pursued ; and however contrary 
to the usual policy of governments, we may 
safely appeal to its fruits for its vindication : 
for the governor has no doubt been informed 
that for more than half a century, no hostile 
incursion was ever made by any Indians 
upon this province. Since the policy of war 
has been adopted against them, on the con- 
trary, all our border settlements have been 
destroyed, and the very heart of the province 
threatened with invasion. We may also, we 
hope, be excused for remarking that the most 
martial of the neighboring provinces, after 
exhausting all their resources to conquer the 
Indians, have obtained peace with them at 
last, when obtained at all, only upon such 
principles as we have always recommended. 

Lieat.- Governor. — Gentlemen, you have our 



bO TANGORUA. 

answer ; you can report to the Friendly As- 
sociation, that their request respecting the 
Minutes of Council cannot be complied with. 

Callender. — If such is the governor's answer, 
it will be our unpleasant duty so to report it. 
But we have also been instructed to state, 
that it is the purpose of the Friendly Asso- 
ciation to send a deputation of its members to 
the approaching treaty ; and also to provide 
something handsome as a present for the 
Indians, which they hope it will be the 
governor's pleasure to present in their names 
in connection with the public present, as has 
been done on several occasions by his pre- 
decessors. 

Lieut.- Governor. — That such a practice 
should ever have prevailed, is to me most 
surprising. For any association of indivi- 
duals to presume to treat with foreign princes, 
or to mediate between the Province in which 
they live and any independent people, is the 
highest invasion of his Majesty's Prerogative 
Koyal, and of most pernicious consequence. 
Neither can any one body or society be 



TAN GO RU A. 61 

allowed by the presentation of presents, to 
attach the Indians to their own particular 
interests. These requests, therefore, are like- 
wise declined. 

Callender. — If it is not the pleasure of the 
governor to allow our present to be presented 
with the public present, it cannot be so pre- 
sented. We apprehend, however, that our 
people are too sensible of the good effects 
resulting from their presence on former occa- 
sions of a like nature, to be willing to 
remain inactive in these perilous times; 
especially as they would have reason to sup- 
pose, that in their absence, the governor 
would be reduced to the necessity of relying, 
for much of his information, on the propriatary 
agents, representing one of the parties inte- 
rested. Our people have great respect for the 
king, and also for the proprietaries and their 
agents; but they have always endeavored 
to reconcile this sentiment with a due regard 
for their duties as Christians, and their rights 
as Englishmen. If, therefore, they should 
consider it necessary for them to appear at 



62 TANGOEUA. 

the ensuing treaty, and to take witli tliem 
something in the shape of a present for the 
Indians, we trust their doing so will not be 
construed into any mark of disrespect for 
their lawful rulers. 

\[Exeunt Callender and the other Quakers.'] 
Lieut.- Governor. — If this spirit of insubor- 
dination be allowed to grow thus rank among 
us, where will it end? the Assembly has 
already far outstepped our authority, and has 
fairly set up for itself; and these smooth- 
spoken Quakers are ready with their maxims 
of peace, to set the king himself at defiance. 
It is high time for us to change our course of 
policy. They must be made to understand 
that the king still wields his sceptre, or the 
day is near at hand when it will require a 
royal army to keep them in subjection. 

[Exeunt Omnes^ 



PART SECOND 



SECTION I. 



At Ijancaster.— A public street.— Present, Vernon and 
Lynford. 



Lynford. — Happy to meet yon Yernon on 
this auspicious occasion ! Here we are, like 
so many Cyclops, to forge, not indeed, tliun- 
der-bolts, but a new cliain of friendship, bright, 
and never to grow rusty, of course, as usual. 
One end is to be linked fast to the Indians, 
but to whom shall the other be linked? 
There are four rival applicants, the governor, 
the propriatary agents, the Assembly, and 
the Quakers, each of whom is resolved that 
the others shall not hold it ; and I am afraid 
our hammers will grow tired, before we can 
make a chain long enough and strong enough 



64 TANGORUA. 

to reach round them all and hold them fast. 
They agree, however, that it is necessary to 
keep the enemy at bay ; in order, I suppose, 
that their several factions may have leisure 
to tomahawk each other. Now, in my judg- 
ment, it would be an economy to leave that 
business to the Indians. They would do it 
far more handsomely ; it is in their line ; they 
are used to it, and would think it a delightful 
recreation. But you, gentlemen commissioners, 
who represent the Assembly ! what new act of 
insubordination are you plotting? what new 
humiliation have you in store for the governor? 

Vernon. — You delight in vexing me, Lyn- 
ford; but I will not quarrel with you, for 
your tongue, it is well known, is licensed on 
all subjects. We are here, sir, to guard the 
rights of the people, and to see that their true 
interests are not sacrificed to the personal ends 
of those in authority. 

Lynford. — And the Quakers ; • they are 
here with sundry bales of goods, and an ample 
stock of friendly speeches. Eare shepherds, 
these, to guard the public fold ! Let all the 



TANGOKUA. 65 

defences be thrown down, say they ; the more 
the sheep are exposed, the less danger that 
the wolves will harm them. Now the differ- 
ence is this, some of us would rather fight for- 
our scalps, than bow our heads to the knife. 

Veimon. — The Quakers are very well able 
to answer for themselves. Indeed, they need 
only, in their quiet way, point to the past 
history of this Province, it will answer for 
them. It may be long before their principles 
prevail among the nations, but as future ages 
shall approach nearer and nearer to the reign 
of universal peace, the period of Quaker-rule 
in Pennsylvania will be looked upon with 
ever-increasing admiration. Here first did the 
rulers of a State magnanimously rely for 
protection on justice and humanity alone; 
and here first was it demonstrated that even 
for the control of savages, these are more 
potent weapons than the sword. 

Lynford:- — They are welcome to their re- 
miniscences of the past, and their anticipations 
of future glory, if only they will leave us to 
regulate the affairs of the present time. Ah ! 



6Q TAN GO RU A. 

if the power of our governor were only equal 
to his spirit ! Then should we see this fac- 
tious spirit replaced by silent order and abso- 
lute obedience. >Should the Indians prove 
unruly, he would shoot them down like wild 
beasts ; and did the Assembly show too much 
independence, he would turn them out of 
doors at the point of the bayonet ; and as for 
the Broad-brims, he would hang the whole 
sect on gallows thirty cubits high. 

Vernon. — The governor is no doubt well 
enough disposed towards such a policy, and 
there is no telling how far such a man may 
venture. But what of those high gallows, 
Lynford? did not somebody once erect such 
a one for somebody, in the olden time ? 

Lynford. — Certainly, you know Haman 
erected such a one for Mordecai, the Jew. 

Vernon. — Yery good ! But what was the 
result of that affair? Mordecai, I believe, was 
not hanged after all. 

Lynford. — No ! but Haman was hanged on 
his own gallows. 

Vernon. — So I thought; and this governor 



T A N G O R U A. 67 

of ours, I hope, is familiar wifh the story. If 
not, it might be well for him to study it 
carefully. 

Lynford. — Why, Yernon, this, it seems to 
me, smacks a little of treason. 

Vernon. — Well, the precedent was of your 
own citing. But if there is treason in such 
words as mine, then is treason fast becoming 
the popular language of these Colonies. It is 
constantly heard in all their assemblies ; it is 
echoed back, everywhere, from the gatherings 
of the people ; it is whispered in every private 
circle ; yes, sir, the very atmosphere is charged 
with it, as with lightning before a thunder- 
storm. There may be Hamans among us 
mad enough to build such gallows as you 
speak of; but if so, be assured they will build 
them for themselves. 

Lynford. — So ! Even this cool-headed fellow 
seems almost ripe for rebellion. There is 
much truth, too, in what he says about the 
popular sentiment ; and a wise man like my- 
self should think of this. Certainly, I have 



68 TANGORUA. 

no taste for sedition, but then I should be 
very loatli to find myself on the losing side. 
Well, well, the governor and his party still 
have the bestowal of the patronage, and I 
shall therefore stick to them until I am sure 
that somebody else can pay better. Still, I 
have my misgivings that I am an ass for doing 
so. But what then ? Is it not the glory of 
the ass (the highest, if not the only eulogy 
ever passed on him,) that he knows his mas- 
ter's crib ? If then I must suffer his reproach 
let me try also to share his advantage. 



TANGORUA. 



SECTION II. 

Same place. At Tangorua's Lodgings. Present, Ver- 
non, Callender, and Tangorua. 

Tangonia. — I liave sent for you, my friends, 
because I believe you wish to see justice done, 
and I have need of your assistance. I sup- 
posed this was to be a treaty between two 
independent parties ; the governor represent- 
ing his people, and I representing mine ; and 
that we met here on neutral ground, and on 
equal terms. But the governor does not seem 
to understand it so. He treats me as a child; 
does every thing in his own way, and expects 
me to trust entirely to his paternal kindness. 
He ought to know that confidence cannot be 
produced by such means. It is a wild flower 
that will grow spontaneously in its own time?, 
wherever it finds a congenial soil. It may 
be found blooming on the barren heath, and 
amid snow and ice, and on the bosom of the 



70 TANGORUA. 

rock; but it cannot be forced into sudden 
existence, by any art of cultivation, even in 
the richest garden. I am bere to take care 
of the interests of my people, and I expect all 
things to be done openly, that I may see and 
understand whatever is proposed, before I 
agree to it. 

Vernon. — It seems to me, that what you 
require is but j ust and reasonable. 

Callender. — If thou adherest to such prin- 
ciples throughout, friend Tangorua, the So- 
ciety of Friends will not fail to approve thy 
course. 

Tangorua. — It has been customary, as you 
know, to have the history of these treaties 
recorded. The practice has been for the 
governor to appoint a clerk, by whom every 
thing said and agreed upon should be care- 
fully written down. On the part of the In- 
dians, nothing was written, nor had they any 
means of knowing whether the governor's 
clerk wrote the account truly. For any 
thing they knew, he might write whatever 
he pleased, or whatever his master com- 



TANGORUA. 71 

manded. The account so written, was then 
laid up among the archives of the govern- 
ment, where it slept quietly until some of 
those who attended the treaty were dead, till 
the memories of others were impaired by age, 
and till other transactions had obscured the 
recollection of all ; then suddenly waking it, 
told its tale against the Indians, and there 
was no one to distinguish its voice from the 
voice of truth. In this way a falsehood, 
which no one would have had the face to 
utter at the beginning, might become in 
time a recorded truth, so sacred that no one 
would dare to dispute it ; of all weapons this 
is the most dangerous to the Indians. They 
can fight against your swords and muskets, 
but when you appeal to their good faith, they 
have no resistance to make; they yield up 
their right to redeem promises which their 
fathers never made. To guard against such 
evils in future, I resolved before coming 
here to have a clerk of my own choosing, 
by whom every thing should be written 



72 TANGORUA. 

down, and compared with the record made 
by the governor's clerk. 

Vernon. — You must apply to the governor. 
I am free to say that your request is no 
more than reasonable, and do not hesitate to 
promise in his name that he will promptly 
grant it. 

Gallender. — Without doubt he will do so. 
What thou demandest is certainly thy just 
right ; and as a wise and upright man the 
governor cannot refuse thee. 

TangoTua. — Let the world judge then, 
whether this governor is a wise and upright 
man ! I have already made the application, 
and he has refused it. Such, he says, has not 
been the custom, and he insists upon follow- 
ing the old course. A wise and just man 
would not inquire what was customary, but 
what was proper to be done. That we have 
been wronged in times past he would own 
may give ns a right to indemnity, but can 
give him no right to repeat the wrong. Even 
the beasts of the forest know how to accom- 
modate themselves to the chan2:e of seasons 



TANGORUA. 73 

and circumstances. Must tlie Indian alone 
pursue a road that leads to destruction, be- 
cause it is a beaten path? The governor 
requires of us what he cannot obtain from 
his own people. They do not trust him with 
the care of their rights, but vigilantly guard 
them for themselves. They act wisely, and 
I intend to follow their example. Go, then, 
and urge the governor to perform what jus- 
tice demands, if you wish this treaty to pro- 
ceed ; for, until he has given me this pledge 
of sincerity, I will hear no more of his pro- 
fessions of friendship. 

Vernon and CaUender. — We shall not fail to 
present your views to him, nor to tell him 
that we see nothing improper in them. — 
[Exeunt.'] 

Tangorua. — These worthy gentlemen take 
up my cause with wonderful alacrity. They 
love justice ; ay, and they hate the governor. 
Why then should they not make use of a 
poor Indian, as a nettle, to sting him with ? 
And why should not I make use of them as 

tools to dig a mine, which, duly fired, shall 

7 



74 TANGOKUA. 

blow both tbem and him and all their race to 
heaven or hell — anywhere out of the land 
their fathers stole from ours. And then for 
Weeraooch wee's dream ! Ambition, patriot- 
ism, love — all draw me in the same direction. 
Each has had power, alone, to raise even com- 
mon men to greatness ; the inspiration of all 
three, then, can ha-rdly fail to make a hero. 
But what if this governor should unfortu- 
nately grant my prayer? I must prefer 
another; and, if he grant that, another still, 
and so on till his grace shall be exhausted. 
Thus with the aid of my good allies, I shall 
make him appear the aggressor ; sow discord 
in his ranks, and bring the contest to a sud- 
den issue. [Exit.'] 



T A N G O R U A. 75 



SECTION III. 

At same place. A room in the Court House. Present, 
the Lieut.-Governor and his Council. Enter Vernon 
and other Provincial Commissioners ; also, Callender 
and other Quakers. 

Vernon. — As representatives of tlie Assem- 
bly, and of the Society of Friends, we wait 
upon your excellency in behalf of the Indian 
Chief Tangorua, who complains that he has 
not been treated with the justice and frank- 
ness he has a right to expect. 

Lieut. -Oovernor. — What! sir; am I to 
understand that you have been holding in- 
tercourse with a suspected enemy of this 
province, and that you now presume to ap- 
pear before us as his professed advocates ? 

Vernon. — Tangorua sent for us, and ex- 
pressed a wish to confer with us as friends, 
declaring that an obstacle had occurred in 
the way of the treaty, which must be removed 



76 TANGORUA. 

before it could proceed a single step. He 
stated, that after mature deliberation he had 
resolved never again to transact any public 
business without having a clerk of his own 
choosing to write down all that should pass ; 
that he had made application to your honor 
to this effect, and that you had peremptorily 
refused his request. He therefore desired us 
us to interpose in his behalf. 

Lieut 'Governor. — And what answer did 
you think proper, in your wisdom and pa- 
triotism, to give him ? 

Vernon. — We could not deny that his re- 
quest to have a secretary, seemed to us as 
reasonable as it was wise and prudent. We 
therefore agreed to remonstrate with your 
honor on the subject; nor did we fail to 
encourage him to indulge the hope that 
on farther consideration your honor would 
change your decision. 

Lieut- Governor. — This is the most extraor- 
dinary proceeding I ever heard of. Who are 
you, sirs, that ^ take upon yourselves to sit in 
judgment on my conduct? Those of you 



TANGORUA. 77 

wlio are Colonial Commissioners, know that 
you liave been appointed to tliat office for the 
sole purpose of disbursing certain moneys, 
with my approbation. And you who belong 
to the Society of Friends, received our instruc- 
tions upon this subject at Philadelphia. We 
cautioned you against appearing at this treaty, 
and are greatly surprised at seeing you here. 
It cannot but be known to you all, that I 
alone in this province, as the representative 
of his majesty, am authorised to hold inter- 
course with the Indians, on occasions like 
this ; and that in presuming to act as media- 
tors, you have violated the established laws ; 
set a most pernicious example ; invaded the 
just prerogative of your sovereign, and ex- 
posed yourselves to condign punishment. 
Since you forget what is due to your respec- 
tive stations and to mine, I must make it my 
business to remind you of it. 

Vernon. — The Assembly appointed their 
commissioners, as your honor has remarked, 
to disburse the public moneys; but they 
also expect us to judge of the propriety 



78 TANGORUA. 

of sucb disbursements. If, therefore, we 
discover a course of proceeding, wliicli we 
think injurious to the public interests, we 
conceive that it is our duty both to remon- 
strate against such proceeding, and to refuse 
to pay the expense of them. Such we con- 
ceive to be our rights as Provincial Commis- 
sioners. And I would moreover inform your 
honor, that as members of the Assembly, and 
representatives of the freemen of Pennsyl- 
vania, we claim the right to remonstrate with 
the executive upon any subject whatever, as 
often as we may judge that the interests of 
our constituents require it. 

Gallender. — It hath always been the prac- 
tice of Friends to abstain carefully from the 
use of violent language ; nor are they accus- 
tomed to regard it much, when used by others ; 
inasmuch as experience has long since taught 
them that truth and justice, are at all times a 
sufficient defence against such ill-chosen wea- 
pons. The prohibition of a governor has not 
yet, as we trust, attained the force of law in 
this province ; and therefore it cannot deter 



T A N G O R U A. 79 

US from the exercise of our full rights as free- 
men. Since therefore we know of no statute 
or custom which forbids our going whither- 
soever our inclinations may lead us, we have 
now come here, because it was our pleasure 
to do so. And when we saw that the gover- 
nor was pursuing a course which we had good 
reason to fear, would p:pve injurious to our 
own interests and those of our fellow subjects, 
we could not hesitate to exercise that right 
of petition and remonstrance, which we have 
derived from our ancestors, and which every 
Englishman esteems among his most sacred 
privileges. 

Lieut.- Governor. — I will hear no more of 
this. Your language I must say is as far 
removed from decency, as your conduct is 
from loyalty. I am resolved, at all hazards? 
to maintain the prerogative of his Majesty 
unimpaired ; and I therefore enjoin it upon 
you, whether commissioners, members of the 
assembly, or private subjects, to abstain from 
all farther interference with the conduct of 
this treaty ; and I warn you against holding 



80 TANGOEUA. 

any fartlier intercourse witli the Indians of a 
public nature, directly or indirectly, upon any 
pretence whatever. Eemember this, as you 
sliall answer to his Majesty, at your peril. 

Vernon. — "We have discharged our duty; 
the responsibility now rests with your Honor. 

Callender. — We shall cheerfully answer to 
his Majesty for the ©ffence of having offered 
a petition and remonstrance, in a matter which 
concerned the public interest, to one of his 
subordinates. 

Lieut.- Gov ernor. — \_To an Attendant.'] Go 
call Tangorua. [Exit Attendant.] It is time 
this farce was ended. 

\st Council-man. — Those who have insti- 
gated or encouraged him in his course de- 
serve the severest censure ; but if he should 
persist in his demand, let us not blindly walk 
into the snare which has been laid for us. 
It will do but little honor to our skill in 
diplomacy, if we allow this council to be 
broken up on a mere question of formality. 

2nd Council-man. — Certainly it concerns our 
honor as well as the interests of this Province 



TANGORUA. 81 

to overcome this difficulty and proceed with 
the treaty. Concession upon this point, judi- 
ciously made, may be turned to our advan- 
tange in matters of more consequence. 

\_Enter Tcmgorua.'] 

Lieut.- Governor. — We have been much sur- 
prised, that you should send others to remon- 
strate with us, when you know that we were 
always glad to confer with you personally 
upon any subject. Why should you insist 
upon having a secretary? Are you wiser 
than your forefathers ? They made no such 
demand, and you cast a reproach upon their 
memories — you condemn their conduct for 
more than fifty years — by refusing to follow 
the course with which they were always so 
well satisfied. 

Tangorua. — ^If my Brother sees anything 
offensive in what I have done, it can only 
be because he was seeking for it. I have 
treated him as a man who understood what 
he said, and meant to adhere to it. When 
you refused my request, therefore, I thought 
it idle to renew it, unless some other argu- 



82 T A N G R U A. 

ments or influences could be brouglit to bear 
in its favor. In all this I still think there 
was no cause of offence. Neither have I 
shown any disrespect to the memory of my 
ancestors. The conduct of men should be 
governed by circumstances. The white men 
were at first few in number, and came begging 
hospitality. Wm. Penn was their leader. 
They are now more numerous than ourselves, 
and, you, sir, are their governor. What was 
wise conduct in our fathers, might therefore 
be folly in us. Does not the same soil which 
in its youth and freshness produce abundant 
crops, yield only thorns and briers when it 
has become worn and wasted ? The one may 
be more inviting to the stranger, but the 
other is more annoying to the trespasser. 
Consider the senseless waters ? When their 
accustomed channel is obstructed they know 
how to find a new path, and make their way 
to their place of destination. But what if we 
claim to be wiser than our fathers? have we 
not grown up side by side with your own 
people, and mingled freely with them? how 



TANGOEUA. 83 

then could we escape catching some rays of 
that wisdom which shines so brightly in 
them ? And what if I claim to know more 
than the chiefs who have gone before me? 
Have I not had your own example for my 
instruction? or do you think me incapable 
of following so wise a guide ? Let us act for 
ourselves then without disturbing the repose 
of the dead. They performed their parts and 
have passed away. Let us who survive, per- 
form ours in like manner, according to the 
best of our judgment. Such, at least, shall be 
my rule of conduct, without regard to the 
traditions of the past. 

Lieut- Governor. — I am sorry to see this 
want of confidence. The indulgence of such 
a spirit is little calculated to promote the ob- 
ject of this assembly. The innovation upon 
established usage which, you propose, is 
against my judgment ; nevertheless, to show 
how ready I am to comply with your wishes, 
and how anxious to remove all obstacles and 
subjects of complaint, I shall grant your re- 
quest, though it is such as no Indian Chief 



84 TANGORUA. 

ever made before. Choose your secretary, 
then, and let us proceed to business. 

Tangorua. — Sometbing more is necessary 
before we proceed. It is in vain to attempt 
to settle a dispute, until we clearly understand 
wbat it is. The history of the past has been 
written by yourselves ; all that you have ever 
claimed is there set down ; and though we 
may dispute your title to so much, you at 
least will claim no more than is there ex- 
pressed. Let these records then be produced, 
that we may know the worst that can be said 
against us. 

Lieut- Governor. — Your language would 
seem to imply the belief that your people 
have been unfairly dealt with. It is hard to 
judge of such a matter, unless we know what 
your notions in regard to fair dealing may be. 

Tangor.ua. — The customs of your people 
and the customs of our people are in many 
respects widely different; but the great prin- 
ciples of trath and justice are understood 
alike by all. If we should compare our 
notions on that subject, I am sure there would 



TANGORUA. 85 

be no difference of opinion between ns. If I 
should tell you tbat a man had bought lands 
from the Indians and then died; and that 
after his death his sons had caused new deeds 
to be made, alike in all respects, except that 
they embraced a great deal more land, and 
caused these to be recorded as the true deeds ; 
that you would agree with me was fraud. So, 
too, you would say it was fraud, if where the 
extent of a purchase was to be measured by 
so many hours' walk, swift runners were em- 
ployed to make the measurement at their 
utmost speed. And where rivers, mountains, 
springs, and other permanent objects have 
been pointed out on the ground as boundary- 
marks, but are omitted in the deeds, and 
arbitrary limits substituted for them, so as to 
embrace twice as many acres as were agreed 
upon, this you will acknowledge is likewise 
fraud. Nor will you deny that it is fraud, 
when the purchase has been made by the 
winding course of a river, and the lines after- 
wards run straight through from point to point 
with a compass. These, and many other 



86 TANGORUA. 

cases I miglit mention, you and all men, wHte 
or red, will pronounce to be fraud. 

Lieut.- Governor. — But do you intend to say 
that the Indians have been so treated in this 
province ? 

Tangorua. — I do. The very ground on 
which we now stand has been taken from us 
by means like these. 

Lieut- Governor. — If it were so, all that is 
past ; the generation who committed and who 
suffered the wrong are alike in their graves. 
Our business is with the affairs of the present 
time. 

Tangorua. — This is the morality of the 
robber; everything made to depend on posses- 
sion, nothing on right. The Indian believes 
in a different creed. He feels himself bound 
by the promises of his ancestors. He will 
redeem their pledges, and fulfil their con- 
tracts. On the other hand, he feels himself 
bound to revenge their wrongs, and to recover, 
if he can, whatever was unjustly taken from 
them. It is no idle curiosity, therefore, that 



TANGORUA. 87 

leads me to inquire into tliese old transac- 
tions. 

Lieut.- Governor. — Yery well ; it shall be as 
you wish. We will take the matter into 
consideration at our leisure, after our return 
to Philadelphia, and if wrongs have been 
committed they shall be redressed. 

Tangorua. — There has been no governor in 
this province for many years past, who did 
not make the same promise. They considered 
the subject all the time they remained in 
office ; and if they are still living, they are, 
no doubt, still considering it beyond the sea. 
The governors of other'provinces have pursued 
the same course with their Indians. They 
are always considering their wrongs, but I 
have never heard of a single case in which 
they have redressed them. It is time to put 
an end to this course. We are now here 
together, and we have met for the express 
purpose of settling these questions. Let us 
then proceed to action. If we can agree, it 
will be well ; if not, we shall at least know 
what we have to fight about. 



88 TANGORUA. 

Proprietary Agent — It is proper for me to 
remind the governor and conncil that I have 
possession of the deeds and records in ques- 
tion, — as the confidential agent of the Pro- 
pietaries ; and that I have been positively 
instructed not to produce them for inspection 
on any occasion of this kind. 

1st Council-man. — I am very sorry to hear 
this. It becomes us to act liberally and 
openly on this occasion ; and such a spirit in 
my judgment, requires that these records be 
produced. Instructions given by those who 
are thousands of miles from the scene of 
action, ought not to be too strictly construed. 
If the proprietaries were here, they would no 
doubt conform their conduct to the exigencies 
of the occasion. In their absence, it becomes 
their agent to exercise an enlightened discre- 
tion, rather than follow the letter of his 
instructions. 

2d Council-man. — I am of the same opinion. 
The public interest requires it ; the peace of 
the province depends upon it. 



TANGORUA. 89 

All the Council-men. — We are all of the 
same opinion. 

Lieut.- Govermor. — Sucli being tTie unani- 
mous advice of the council, I will take it 
upon myself to order the records to be 
produced. The agent can plead my orders, 
and I will answer forit to the proprietaries. 
[To Tangorua.] You see in this, I trust, our 
disposition to give every satisfaction in our 
power to our Indian brethren. I cannot, for 
myself, see either the necessity or propriety 
of this course, and I agree to it purely as a 
concession to your wishes. 

[ Various papers are here produced and spread 
upon the tables^ 

Tangorua. [After loohing over the papers for 
some time^ I do not see what I am looking 
for ; are these all the deeds that have been 
given by Indians in this province ? 

Lieut.- Governor. — All the more recent ones 
are here ; we could not suppose that you 
wished to go back to the earliest times. 

Tangorua. — When a theft has been com- 
mitted, and a general search is agreed upon, 



90 TANGORUA. 

wlioever absents himself, is sure to be con- 
demned by all voices as tbe guilty one. And 
so it will be now with your absent deeds. 
We formerly owned all, from the sea sbore 
backwards; you claim to have made large 
purchases. Produce your deeds that we may 
see when these purchases were made and how 
much they include. 

Lieut' Governor. — What you ask is not only 
unreasonable, but wholy impracticable. You 
may succeed in breaking up the conference 
by insisting upon it, but you cannot obtain 
the deeds, for they are not here ; we left them 
behind, at Philadelphia. 

Tangorua. — That was indeed a great fault, 
but it may yet be remedied. You have 
young men in your service, who can go to 
Philadelphia and return in a few days. But 
if it required many days, it is the only course 
left. I am willing to await his return ; but I 
cannot go back to my people and tell them I 
have examined these questions fully, while 
part of the records are withheld. When I 



TANGORUA. 91 

hear of their arrival I will wait upon you ; 
until then there is no need of my presence. 

[Exit] 
Lieut.- Governor. — The more we concede, 
the more is required of us. Let us think 
over this new demand until to-morrow morn- 
ing, perhaps we shall find means in the 
interim, to avoid the difficulty. 

\_Exeunt Omnes.'] 



92 TANGORUA. 



SECTION lY. 



At the Moravian Mission : Present, Zangenberg and 
Miriam. 



Zangenberg {going) — You must not detain 
me now, child; I cannot talk with you at 
present ; I am very busy. Besides, my mind 
is much perplexed, and I wish to be alone. 

Miriam. — It is always so of late ; but my 
dear father, I can endure this want of confi- 
dence no longer. You shun my presence as 
much as possible ; your eye looks coldly and 
reproachfully upon me ; you allow me no share 
in your councils ; you seem unwilling even to 
mingle your prayers with mine. What dread- 
ful thing have I done to cause this sad change. 
Have I failed in diligence as the instructor of 
these poor Indians ? Have I been guilty of 
any impropriety of conduct, that makes my 
example unfit for their imitation ? Or have 
I neglected any of the duties which a daugh- 



TANGORUA. 93 

ter owes to an aged father ? Tell me, I be- 
seech you, what it is that you find amiss in 
me, that you may see how anxious my hand 
still is to minister to your comforts. When 
you first came to this wilderness, you know 
that I cheerfully followed your fortunes with- 
out casting one lingering look at the gay city 
we were leaving, or shedding more than a 
few transient tears at parting with all the 
companions of my childhood. In this spirit 
I came, and in this spirit I have lived here 
ever since. If I have not been happy, I have 
at least been content in the belief that my 
post of duty was at your side wherever you 
might go. But if I can no longer soothe 
your cares, cor be permitted to lean on your 
shoulder and weep on your bosom, then, in- 
deed, has the path of life become unto me a 
desolate way, 

Zangenberg. — Ko, no, child! if I wished 
ever so much to reproach you, I might seek 
in vain for a cause. For though many daugh- 
ters have done virtuously — thou hast excelled 
them all. Yea, and amply, too amply it may 



94 TANGORUA. 

be, hast thou shared in the love which two 
objects only could divide — my Father who is 
in heaven, and my child here below. Nay, 
these two passions have been so blended into 
one, that I have neither known nor cared to 
distinguish between them. Woe is me, that 
they have at last become arrayed against 
each other I woe is me, that I should now be 
called upon, either to suppress the yearning 
of a father's heart towards his only child, or 
to quench the Spirit from above that stirs 
within my bosom ! 

Miriam. — O, my father ! these are dark and 
fearful words ; I dare not open my eyes to 
see what dreadful monster lies hid under 
their shadow. But let not my unworthy per- 
son obstruct your view of the better land to- 
wards which you have been so long journeying 
You have almost reached it, and it is fit that 
your thoughts and affections should dwell there 
and not here. Your earthly ties will soon be 
severed, and who can tell which of them will be 
reunited above ! Often such ties are born of 
accident or caprice ; sometimes they depend on 



TANGORUA. 95 

sordid interests or unlioly passions ; they are 
always soiled with the impurities of earth, 
and they partake of the transient nature of all 
earthly things. But there, above, the un- 
clouded spirit will see as it is seen — with pure 
and unerring eyes. No unworthy or uncon- 
genial relation will there be found ; no passion, 
no prejudice, no delusion ; no infatuation; nor 
the tyranny of habit; nor the reverence of 
tradition ; nor any of those false lights which, 
springing from an unwholesome soil, have al- 
lured the vision and misled the steps of so 
many good men here on earth. Forget that 
there is any such being as I living; forget 
that you ever had a daughter ; and fear not 
that any remembrance of her will hereafter 
rise to trouble your thoughts in heaven. 

Zangenherg. — It was neither want of affec- 
tion in the parent, nor failure of duty in the 
child, that led the patriarch of old to bind his 
only son upon the altar. The voice of God 
had commanded, and the duty of Abraham 
was absolute obedience: nor did the victim 
resist, even when he saw the knife raised to 



96 TANGORUA. 

slay him. Jehovali still reigns ; and tliougTi 
his voice is no longer heard by the ear, it 
speaks not less audibly still through the emo- 
tions of the heart. O, that he might find a 
like spirit in his professed followers in this 
latter day, and in this remote wilderness I 

Miriam. — I have no doubt loved life as well 
as others, and like others have consoled my- 
self for the sadness of the present, with the 
hope that the future hours would come troop- 
ing down, a joyous band. And yet I can say, 
without fear before you, my father, and be- 
fore my Father who is in heaven, that I have 
never yet preferred life before duty. If it were 
not so, I would not now be here. But the 
time for such conflicts is now passed forever. 
In no sense now, can my death be called a 
sacrifice — life has become a burden that I 
would fain get rid of. Show me ! 0, show 
me ! how I may lawfully lay it down, and I 
shall rejoice exceedingly, and be glad to find 
the grave ! 

Zangenherg, — To die, can never be regarded 
as a sacrifice, by any one who really believes 



TANGORUA. 97 

in tlie promises ; but rather as a blessed deliv- 
erance from bondage. To die early, is to leap 
at one bound over those obstacles which 
others spend long and laborious years in sur- 
mounting ; it is to win the prize without the 
tediousness of the race. It is to gain the vic- 
tory without the sweat and blood of the bat- 
tle. Just in proportion, therefore, as the Chris- 
tian's faith is strong, will be his readiness at 
all times to welcome death as a friend, come 
to conduct him to happier scenes. The trial 
with him is not in dying, but in so living as 
to prove himself worthy of his high calling. 
To obey the summons which calls him from 
earth, is always a joyful privilege; but to 
subdue all passion and prejudices as born of 
earth, and yet remain upon it — this often be 
comes a mournful duty. Yea, my daughter, 
we must learn not only to endure, but to love 
many things which our unsanctiiied natures 
would turn away from with fear and disgust 

and thus 

Miriam, — I will not be guilty of the affec- 
tation of pretending not to understand you 



98 TANGORUA. 

now ; nor can I wisli you to bring into nearer 
and clearer view, an apparition wliicli makes 
my blood run cold, even wben seen dimly and 
afar off. And will you not also give me 
time to try, at least, if I cannot forget tbe les- 
sons, wliicb you bave been all my life teacb- 
ing me ? How tbe relation you refer to, is as 
sacred as indissoluble ? How tbey wbo enter 
into it from policy and interest, instead of 
affection, offend against tbe law alike of nature 
and of God ? But is it not possible, my 
fatber, tbat your vision may be blinded by 
some fatal illusion? Are you sure, indeed 
tbat it is our duty to disregard distinctions 
wbicb nature berself bas establisbed, and 
wbicb all tbe impulses of our being call upon 
us to respect ? Do not tbe suggestions of tbe 
Evil One sometimes assume tbe disguise even 
of a voice from beaven ? 

Zangenherg — Tbe ways of God, my daugb- 
ter, are not as our ways, nor bis tbougbts as 
our tbougbts. He is over all. He will not 
fail to aid tbose wbom be selects as bis bon- 
ored instruments, for tbe accomplisbment of 



TAN GO RU A. 99 

his purposes in their efforts to rise above the 
inherent weaknesses of humanity; but he 
also requires them to obey, even where they 
fail to comprehend. And fear not that I have 
misinterpreted the indications of his provi- 
dence. I have long, alas! too long, resisted 
his will. Like Gideon of old, I have again 
and again desired that he would show me a 
sign, that he talked with me. Kor were such 
signs withheld; signs not less clear and cer- 
tain than the fire rising up out of the rock, or 
the dew on the fleece. And now, the sounds 
of commotion that reach us from all points 
say plainly, that it is time to be up and doing. 
The harvest is ripe for the sickle. Jehovah is 
fast advancing to execute a great work among 
this people. Woe be to all such as refuse to 
aid in preparing his way, or presume to ob- 
struct it. They shall be as dry stubble be- 
fore a consuming fire. They shall be as chaff 
scattered by a whirlwind. Yea, they shall be 
ground to powder beneath his rushing cha- 
riot-wheels. 

Miriam. — Have pity on me, father, and do 



100 T A N G R U A. 

not urge me for an answer now. Why, the 
worst criminal is allowed some time to pre- 
pare himself, before he is led to execution. 
Leave me now, O leave me ! that I may com- 
mune a while with my own heart. 

Zmigenherg. — Ay, this is the besetting sin 
of all mankind ; to procrastinate, and allow 
the hour of opportunity to pass unimproved. 
But no ! it must not be so now with us. We 
must haste to the bosom of the deep while 
the tide is at the full, if we desire not to be- 
come stranded on the shore; for events, as 
they flow, have their floods no less than the 
ocean tides; but, unlike them, when they 
have once passed on their course, they know 
no morrow. Make haste, then, for there is 
no time to lose. I leave you now, but will 
soon return to hear your answer. [Uxit Zan- 
genherg^ 

Miriam. — Wretched, friendless, forlorn ! 
whither can I turn for help or sympathy ? 
If I look inward, and consult my own bosom, 
I find there only a whirlpool of contending 
emotions, to frighten me ; but no peace, no 



TANGORUA. 101 

hope, no promise of escape from the toils that 
encompass me. And he who from my ear- 
liest recollections guarded me as the apple of 
his eye, — nourishing my soul with looks, 
words, and deeds of kindness, — ever ready 
to discover, and anxious to remove the slight- 
est shade that might chance to fall upon my 
features, — now he is cold and stern, and wit- 
nesses my sighs and tears unmoved. Whither 
shall I turn for comfort ? To Him who has 
said, "Come unto me, all ye that labor and 
are heavy laden, and I will give you rest ?" 
Alas! I dare not. He made himself lower 
than the angels ; became a man of sorrows 
and acquainted with grief; and died on the 
bitter cross, for our advantage. Now his 
commands are upon me, (so my father tells 
me,) and my heart rebels against them. Let 
me not look toward him, then, lest his angry 
countenance blast me with more than tempo- 
ral death. But is it not possible that my 
father is mistaken ? may it not be that the 
age-frost which has already stamped so many 
marks upon him — whitening his head, and 



102 TANGORUA. 

furrowing liis brow, and shriveling his limbs 
— may it not have begun at last to blight the 
mind also ? Or may not his long and wistful 
contemplation of a favorite subject, have led 
him to mistake the phantoms of his own 
imagination for heaven-sent messengers ? Oh, 
sad conclusion ! Oh melancholy refuge ! Let 
me rather say, that his long and steady gaze 
towards heaven has enabled him at last to 
penetrate the veil that separates the mortal 
from immortality ; that at the near approach 
of dissolution the free-born spirit has already 
half escaped from its clay -built prison house. 
Ah, Yernon! has thou, too, forsaken me? 
His last words were a promise that I should 
see him soon ; and never has he even sent me 
one kind word of remembrance. Thus is my 
desolation made complete. Darkness, loneli- 
ness, and despair, shall henceforth be my fa- 
miliar companions. Shall be ? Henceforth ? 
Ay, while life continues. But is there no 
remedy for the evil of living too long? 
When the thread of life has become hope- 
lessly tangled, is it not allowable to shear it 



TANGOEUA. 103 

off? May we not at least be passive, and 
suffer tliese body -machines to run tbemselves 
down for lack of nourishment? These are 
fearful questions. Hitherto they have been 
with me forbidden questions. Now they 
come pressing for an answer, and I am puz- 
zled how to decide them. Let me entertain 
them awhile, then, as friendly guests ; they 
will at least serve to drive out the harpy- 
thoughts which are now gnawing at my 
heart-strings. [Enter JTazuJca.'] — Tell me, Ka- 
zuka, what do you think of it? Is it our 
duty to go on puffing and blowing upon our 
windpipes, like a child blowing its whistle, 
as long as we can muster breath enough ? or 
may we, without sin, leave off when we are 
tired of it ? 

KazuJca. — If my sister means to ask me 
whether it is lawful for us to put an end to 
our own lives, I answer, that such is not the 
castom of my people. The Indian mother 
teaches her children that the Great Spirit will 
enable them to bear all their griefs without 
complaining, and that he expects them to do 



104 T A N G K U A. 

SO. It happens, accordingly, tliat the warrior 
who has been captured by his enemies never 
fails to sing his death-song triumphantly, in 
spite of all the tortures they can inflict. If 
he should attempt to escape these sufferings, 
by taking his own life, all the tribes would 
say he was a coward, and had run away from 
the field of his greatest battle. 

Mir am. {Still meditatiiig) — "The Great Spirit 
will enable them to bear I" Why, this is the 
very language of Christ himself: " My grace 
is sufficient for you." "He will not suffer 
you to be tempted above that you are able." 
How did these savage heathen come by this 
great promise ? No matter ! they have it ; 
and their lives manifest an absolute trust in 
it, which the Christian world may well blush 
to hear of. But in whatever school they 
may have learned this lesson, is it not likely 
that the same Master taught them that other 
lesson, to run life's course to the end, be it 
strewed ever so full of thorns ? Perhaps so. 
And yet, what does all this amount to ? Only 
to this: that such is the custom of the red 



TANGORUA. 105 

man. But tlie customs of different countries 
are different. On this very subject a custom 
directly opposite has prevailed, not only 
among barbarians like these, but among the 
most civilized nations of the earth. The 
same death which is so ignominious in the 
eyes of these rude Indians, was in the highest 
degree honorable among the cultivated Eo- 
mans. Not only the foremost nations, but 
the foremost men of those nations, have held 
such views. Demosthenes, Hannibal, Cato, 
Brutus — these names shine among the signal 
lights of history ; yet these, and many others 
like them, when their blows coiild avail 
nothing more against the ills of life, turned 
their weapons homeward, and smote them- 
selves. No inference can be drawn, there- 
fore, on this subject, from custom. Can you 
tell me, Kazuka, why your people should 
hold such opinions ? 

KazuJca. — I have heard the hunters say, 
that no beast or bird ever allows itself to be 
caught or killed if it can help it. But how- 
ever badly it may be wounded or mutilated ; 



106 TANGORUA. 

and however painful or wretclied its life may 
liave become, it yet never fails to exert its 
utmost strength to avoid the death-stroke. I 
have found the same thing to be true of all 
the creatures that move and crawl around us. 
Miriam. \_Still meditating?^ — And thus does 
all animated nature cry aloud against self- 
destruction ! It seems, indeed, on a moment's 
consideration, that this instinct in favor of 
life, is necessary to prevent the extinguish- 
ment of all life ; either by the dangers which 
threaten it on every hand, or through want of 
exertion to sustain it. The love of life is the 
main spring of all effort ; for neither man nor 
beast would endure one moment's toil if he 
were at all times as willing to die as to live. 
Thus, it seems, that this great law is an essen- 
tial feature in God's system for the govern- 
ment of the world. Ay, but has man no 
higher guide than this? Shall he follow 
every impulse, and obey every tyrant passion 
of his nature? Assuredly not. He is re- 
quired instead always to prune and sometimes 
even to root out these innate propensities, 



TANGORUA. 107 

wliicli are tlie sole rule of action to tlie unrea- 
soning brute. Instinct bids us shun death 
oh all occasions ; reason commands us to face 
it boldly — to rush upon it, even, at tlie call 
of duty ; and by common consent the wretch 
who clings to life when honor and conscience 
require him to yield it up, is, of all men, the 
most despicable. Thus have I again reached 
the same conclusion : nothing can be inferred 
on this subject from the instinct in favor of 
life, universal though it certainly is. Kazuka, 
your answer was not amiss, but I am not yet 
satisfied. What other reason can you give 
me. 

Kazuka. — I was once very sick, and every- 
body said I would die ; but the next day I was 
as well as ever. Often too have I lost things 
which came back to me after I had given up 
all hope of ever seeing them again. 

Miriam. \_Still meditating] — Well, then, 
what are the misfortunes of the hour, but 
transient shadows cast by the clouds that 
happen just now to be floating over our heads ? 
A little patience and they will pass and let 



108 TANGORUA. 

the sun-liglit tlirougli again. Add to this, 
that no mortal can discern the true character 
of passing events, which glide by as a masked 
procession, and hence on reviewing our past 
lives, how often do we find that forms which 
we mistook for tormenting demons were in 
truth angels of mercy, come to bless and to 
save us ! And yet this view, also, ends in 
darkness; for there are diseases which are 
incurable ; there are losses which are irrepa- 
rable ; there are griefs which are inconsolable. 
When the eyes are- out there can be no more 
seeing ; when the limbs are palsied, there can 
be no more working ; when the heart is bro- 
ken the exulting pulse of hope can beat no 
more for ever. What then ? Is it the suf- 
ferer's duty, nay, is it right for him to live on, 
an idle drifting wreck ; an incumbrance to his 
fellow man ; a consumer of stores which he 
has not helped to garner ? Or shall he not 
rather withdraw from a scene in which he 
can act no useful part, and which he can not 
help marring with his presence ? — Have you 



TANGORUA. 109 

no better reasons, Kazuka, than these to 
offer? 

Kazuka. — ITone but sucb as I have learned 
under yonr own teachings. I can not tell 
exactly what it is, nor show just where it is, 
but I am sure there is something on this sub- 
ject in the Bible. 

Miriam, [Still meditating.] — That were 
more to the purpose than all the arguments 
drawn from custom, from instinct or from in- 
terest. The solution of a question of duty 
belongs, of right, to Him to whom all duty 
is owing. What precepts then do the Scrip- 
tures furnish on this subject ? JSTone. In 
what place is its lawfulness treated of, or where 
alluded to or hinted at ? nowhere ; and yet 
Kazuka is right : there certainly is something 
on this subject in the Bible. How then shall 
we be able to search it out ? Hark ! I hear 
a voice which speaks as never man spake, 
saying, "Are not five sparrows sold for two 
farthings, and not one of them is forgotten 
before God. But even the very hairs of your 

head are all numbered. Fear not, therefore : 
10 



110 TANG OKU A. 

ye are of more value than may sparows." Ko 
danger tlien of being forgotten or neglected ! 
No hope of being overlooked, for those who 
would hide their deeds from view. One who 
is ever present, whose power is almighty, 
whose vigilance is sleepless, watches over and 
guards, and guides, the humblest of his crea- 
tures. But hark again, another voice salutes 
my ears : " Despise not the chastening of the 
Lord, nor faint when thou art rebuked of him ; 
For whom the lord loveth he chasteneth and 
scourgeth every son whom he receiveth." If 
it be true that this life is a mere probation, a 
course of discipline, a school of instruction 
for another and nobler life, why should 
human suffering be thought a mystery? 
Yirtues never strike their roots deep in any 
soil that is not fertilized with tears. It was 
they who had come out of much tribulation 
who were seen in the great vision arrayed in 
white robes. And still another voice : " He 
doth not afflict willingly nor grieve the chil- 
dren of men." No ! for it is an essential part 
pf his scheme of government. Vast are his 



TANGORUA. Ill 

dominions, and innumerable the agents lie 
employs. Through, the great he stimulates 
ambition. Through the lowly he teaches 
humility. Strength and swiftness develop 
the energies of men ; weakness and infirmity 
their patience and power of endurance. Pros- 
perity fills the world with gladness ; adversity 
creates the brotherhood of sympathy. Of all 
these workers in the common cause, Omnis- 
cience alone can tell who is performing the 
most important and most honorable duties. 
And surely it is but reasonable that the Su- 
preme Commander should claim the right of 
marshalling this great army as he pleases ; of 
sending forth each soldier or recalling him at 
his discretion. But what of him who, when 
the moment of crisis comes, and the service 
which seemed so insignificant swells suddenly 
into vast proportions, and the order is given 
for him to march forward, — what of him who 
shall then be found to have deserted his post ? 
Ay, what of him ! let me think of it, for such 
even such, is the case of the suicide. — Kazuka ! 
I have had a frightful dream; the tempter 



112 TANGORUA. 

stood at my side, and the sweet face of heaven 
frowned darkly upon me. But I am awake 
again ; the evil one is fled ; and the sky has 
cleared np. My cause is in His hands. Let 
Him dispose of me as it pleaseth Him. 

[Exeunt OmnesJ} 



TANGORUA. 113 



SECTION Y. 

At Lancaster.— A Room in the Court House.— Present, 
the Lieutenant-Governor and part of his Council. 

Lieut- Governor. — I am sorry to see tliat tlie 
council are not all present on tliis occasion. 
This subject demands our gravest considera- 
tion. The effects of our conduct this morning 
will reach far into the future. The question 
is simply this : whether the white man or the 
red man shall henceforth rule in this Province ; 
for if these people find us ready to submit to 
every capricious demand which they see fit 
to urge, it will not be long, we may be sure, 
till they assume the tone of masters. 

1st Coimcil-man. — And yet we must remem- 
ber that these questions respecting their lands 
are of a very peculiar and delicate nature. 
The policy of our great Founder, — that every- 
thing should be fairly purchased from the 
Indians, — has no doubt been substantially 

pursued ; though there may have been some 
10* 



114 TANGORUA. 

unhappy departures from it. And since the 
records are all in our possession, it seems but 
reasonable, that they should have free access 
to them, in order to satisfy any doubts that 
may have arisen among them. 

Lieut.' Governor. — I cannot see the propriety 
or expediency of overhauling those old trans- 
actions. Whatever may have been their 
character, they belong to a past generation. 
They have long been acquiesced in, and no 
good, but much evil may come from re-open- 
ing them. Besides, this man, Tangorua, is 
clearly bent upon testing our firmness, and 
ascertaining how much we can be made to 
concede by arrogant demands. 

2d Council-man. — I do not like the temper 
he has shown, and yet, however wrong as a 
general policy, concession may be the part of 
wisdom here. The Indians are a decaying 
people ; every year makes them weaker and 
us stronger. If we but have a little patience 
then, time will fight all our battles for us ; 
and when they are gone, it were better our 
records should show that we had treated them 



TANGOKUA. 115 

with even too much indulgence, than that we 
had exterminated them hy force. 

Lieut.- Governor. — A very plausible excuse, 
no doubt, for the omission of our present duty. 
To shuffle off our burdens upon our successors, 
may be agreeable enough, but is neither wise 
nor manly. A proper trust in Providence is 
becoming in all good Christians, but Provi- 
dence will not supply the omissions of our 
imbecility. If we wish for safety, we must be 
content to pay the price which alone in such 
cases can buy it. 

2c/ Council-man. — I cannot help thinking 
still, that, in dealing with a people possessing 
so much of the ignorance and simplicity of 
children the mild patdrnal policy would be 
most becoming. 

Lieut.- Governor. — I have no objection to 
your paternal policy ; but how does a wise 
parent deal with his children ? does he yield 
to all their caprices, becoming the more in- 
dulgent as they become the more forward ? 
Certainly not ; but rather by seasonable chas- 



116 TANGOKUA. 

tisements lie trains them to respect and 
obedience. 

2cZ Council-man, — A wise statesmanship 
always knows how to adapt itself to circum- 
stances, instead of adhering to certain inflexible 
maxims, whether applicable to the case in 
hand or not. 

Lieut- Governor. — A wise statesmanship ! 
In what does it consist ? in the adoption of 
temporary expedients which afford present 
relief, but produce tenfold evils in the future ? 
which help us up the steep place of to-day, 
only to dash us down some fatal precipice 
to-morrow ? Ko, sir ! ISTo, sir ! but rather 
in pursuing such a course as will at once 
afford present relief and future security. In 
the adoption of principles which are not only 
useful for the present hour, but susceptible of 
expansion and development, by those who 
shall come after us. This is my idea of wise 
statesmanship. For myself, I came here to 
govern this Province ; and it is more agree- 
able, both to my office and my temper, to use 



TANGO KU A. 117 

the language of command than that of en- 
treaty. I am resolved therefore — 

[Unter another Council-mayi^ 

Wellj sir, I am glad to see you, though I 
could have wished you had come a little 
sooner. We have had need of your advice, 
and I am sorry you have not observed your 
usual punctuality this morning. 

The other Council-man. — I would gladly 
submit in silence to your Honor's rebuke, if 
I could thereby annul the unfortunate news 
I bring. After I had left my lodgings an 
hour ago to come here, I heard a rumor on 
the street which led me to the other end of 
town ; and there I learned that at the dead 
hour of night, Tangorua and all his followers 
had disappeared. A person who has just 
come in from the west, states that at daylight 
he saw them many miles distant making all 
speed towards their homes. 

1st Council-man. — This is sad news, indeed ! 

Several Council-men. — Farewell now to the 
peace which we have so long and so fondly 
cherished. 



118 TANGORUA. 

Lieut- Governor. — I cannot say, gentlemen, 
tliat I mucb. regret this news ; some such crisis 
was inevitable, sooner or later. It is better, 
perhaps, that it should come now, than here- 
after. A sharp but short conflict will set all 
right, and we shall then stand upon a surer 
footing than ever, and besides, such a contest 
will serve to heal our internal dissensions. 
The Assembly will learn that they have some- 
thing else to do than to wrangle with their 
superiors. If allowed to proceed much farther 
in their present course they will soon be em- 
boldened to set at defiance the authority, not 
only of the Proprietaries and their represen- 
tatives, but of the King himself. Let us then 
prepare for this emergency with alacrity and 
firmness. The council is now adjourned to 
meet next Monday at Philadelphia. 

[Exeunt Omnes.'] 



TANGORUA. 119 



SECTION YI. 

At same place. Lynford standing at street corner. Ver- 
non passing by. 

Lynford. — Halt tliere ! Wliy, Yernon, you 
step along as if you were marcliing to the 
drum and fife. But tliey have not begun to 
play yet, except upon your imagination. 
Wait a few days, however, and you will have 
them in earnest. 

Yernon. — Is that you, Lynford ? Well, it 
is but natural that your voice should scream 
the louder as the storm draws nearer. It is 
always so with birds of such a feather. 

. Lynford — That I am not one of your cooing, 
olive-bearing turtle doves, everybody knows ; 
and perhaps it is owing to a certain sulphur- 
ous tang in the atmosphere that I feel an un- 
usual exhilaration of spirits this morning; 
and yet, if we may judge from last night's 
proceeding, these Indians are going to afford 
us but poor sport after all. They got 



120 TANGORUA. 

frightened, it seems, and ran away before a 
single blunderbass had even been — ^loaded. 

Vernon. — Ay, but they had heard the rat- 
tling of a more pernicious weapon — an un- 
ruly tongue. 

Lynforcl — Call you the Governor's tongue 
an unruly tongue ? No sir, no sir ! It is a 
tongue that is ruled, and knows how to rule 
others. A tongue that drops words of in- 
struction as clear and as sound as the coin 
that is stricken from a die. A tongue that 
beats out commands as weighty as blooms 
from a forge. A tongue that is worth all the 
tongues of your many-tongued Assembly. A 
tongue that will, one of these days, with a 
single wag, put an end to all your babblings. 
A tongue 

Vernon. — Spare me, my good fellow, spare 
me 1 When you get upon the merits of this 
Governor, your tongue is apt to be endless ; 
because the subject itself is boundless, I sup- 
pose. But let him alone, for the present, to 
the world's silent admiration. 

Lynford. — Yery well ; his deeds shall not 



TANG OKU A. 121 

fail to praise him. But wliat do you think 
of this Indian chief, now that you have seen 
him? Tangorua, the civilized savage; the 
Christian heathen; the red-white man; the 
peaceful warrior; the runaway brave; the 
friendly enemy ; the hated lover ; the rival 
of the unrivalled. 

Vernon. —Ab, your epithets seem to neu- 
tralize each other, I suppose they should go 
for nothing. But what do you mean by the 
last phrase — the rival of the unrivalled ? 

Lynford. — Yernon, I know you to be a man 
of moderation and discretion, and I have 
great confidence in your friendship for me 
personally; but every man has his weak- 
nesses, and there are some points upon which 
all men are weak. I should like, therefore, 
before I explain myself further, to have some 
guarantee against a breach of the peace. 

Vernon. — Nonsense! Why, sir, I have a 

parrot at home that mocks me all day long ; 

and, really, I had as soon think of getting 

angry and wringing its neck, as of lifting my 

11 



122 TANGORUA. 

hand against Lynford for anything he may 
choose to say. 

L^jnford. — A parrot, hey! Truly, you 
make flattering comparisons. But, never 
mind. I shall send a dart through your 
liver yet, before my story is ended. Have 
you heard anything from the old Missionary 
or his daughter, lately ? 

Vernon. — I have not; all my plans for 
communicating with them have been strangely 
defeated, by some unknown agency. What 
do you know of them ? 

Zyn/ord— That which I should have been 
afraid to tell you ten minutes ago; but a 
parrot, I suppose, may, with safety, repeat 
anything it has heard. Zangenberg, you 
know, is a hot-brained enthusiast. 

Vernon. — I know him well ; and of all men 
living I reverence him the most. What if he be 
an enthusiast ? Enthusiasm is the quickening 
principle of the universe. It is that which 
makes all the difference among men, between 
the real integers of society and the contempti- 
ble fractions or worthless cyphers ; between a 



TANGORUA. 123 

Lynforcl or a Yernon, in short, and a Zan- 
genberg. And Lis enthusiasm is as pure as 
it is fervent ; it is a spark of that celestial 
fire which glowed in the bosoms of the chosen 
twelve, when they were sent out into all the 
world to preach the gospel to every creature ; 
a heaven-born zeal, which lifts his steps far 
above the mire of earth, and makes his feet 
beautiful upon the mountains, as those of him 
that bringeth glad tidings. So completely 
does this spirit possess him, that the common 
ties of interest and of sentiment, of kindred 
and of country, have become to him as flax 
that is burned with fire. He cares nothing 
for all the rewards and punishments which 
this world can dispense, nor among what 
people his life is passed, nor in what earth 
his bones may be buried, if only he can 
speed the work of his Divine Master. 

Lynford. — Strange that the same subject 
should bear such different faces to two men 
of sense like you and me, Yernon. You 
have spoken your opinion of Zangenberg, 
sincerely, T am sure. Let me now speak 



124 TANGORUA. 

mine. He is a man, as it seems to me, who 
has caught from the skies a ray of pure 
moonshine, which, being reflected from the 
cavity of his brain, leads his steps like a will- 
'o-the-wisp, into all kinds of impracticable 
places. Having once seen a meteor shooting 
through the air, he was reminded of the star 
seen by the wise men of the east, and hence 
his voyage to this western world. He can at 
any time interpret the carol of a bird into a 
revelation or a prophecy of great events. 
He cares nothing whether his beard is shorn 
or unshorn ; whether his feet are encased in 
civilized boots or Indian moccasins ; whether 
his coat is made of manufactured cloth or of 
unsophisticated deer-skin, if only he can suc- 
ceed in shaping the policy and ruling the des- 
tinies of this little hemisphere. In short, sir, 
if you must compare him with some name 
recorded in Holy AYrit, his only prototype is 
Jepthah. 

Vernon. — "Why do you compare him with 
Jepthah ? 

Lynford. — Because Jepthah also had a 



TANGOKUA. 125 

daugliter, his only child well-beloved, who 
yet was sacrificed to a mere freak of enthu- 
siasm. Zangenberg is about to perform a 
similar exploit, unless you make haste to pre- 
vent it. In the affections of the daughter 
Yernon is unrivalled, but in the policy of the 
father he is not only rivalled but far out- 
rivalled by Tangorua. And this rival presses 
his suit with great ardor. By-the-bye, I just 
think of it, his sudden disappearance last night 
was very likely owing to the impatience of the 
absent lover. 

Ve?iion. — ^Beware, sir ! your levity may pre- 
sume too far on my forbearance. 

Lynford. — What! have I touched jou in- 
the quick so soon? Then I am satisfied, and 
can pardon your disparaging comparison. 
Let me pursue my story in grave and de- 
corous words. Zangenberg has discovered, 
by his sage meditations, that the Indian 
nature, physical as well as spiritual, needs 
purifying; and so he has magnanimously 
resolved to throw his daughter as a disinfect- 
in.q; ao-ent into the savao-e cauldron. All her 



126 TANGORUA. 

tears and prayers have served to win only a 
few days' delay, and unless her call upon your 
name is promptly answered, she will soon be 
consigned to an abhorred fate, the very re- 
verse of what learned commentators tell us 
was the fate of Jepthah's daughter. Kow, sir, 
if you undertake this adventure for the de- 
liverance of a distressed damsel, you may 
count upon me as one of your faithful fol- 
lowers. I leave you, not doubting that I 
shall soon receive your summons. 

lExit:\ 
Vernon. {Alone) — What a provoking bab- 
bler Lynford is ! and yet I know few men of 
stronger or sharper judgment. Verily the 
difference between men lies not so much in 
their way of thinking as in their way of talk- 
ing. Two brains of equal size may ferment 
alike with thought. The one strains out all 
impurities, and suffers only a small rill of 
clarified ideas to flow from the mouth; the 
other pours out froth, scum, sediment, and 
all in one promiscuous stream. The one is 
ranked among philosophers, in the catalogue 



T A N G R U A. 127 

of men, t"he other among fools. What Lyn- 
ford's tongue so lightly tells, conveys, with- 
out doubt, the heavy burden of a true report. 
Something of the kind I had heard before, 
but dreamed not that the shuttles of hell were 
flying at this rate. No matter ; I shall soon 
find means to break this net, though of the 
devil's weaving, and deliver the bird it is 
spread for. 

[UxiL] 



PART THIRD. 

SECTION I. 

At Philadelphia.— A room in the Court House. 
Present, the Lieut.-Governor and his Council. 

Lieut.- Governor. — You have no doubt heard 
through rumor, gentlemen, the sad news from 
the frontier. Fresh accounts are continually- 
arriving, each more distressing and alarming 
than its predecessor. The out-posts have all 
been driven in, and the danger is fast ap- 
proaching this citj itself. Here is one of the 
many letters which I have received from re- 
liable sources since our last meeting. [Reads ^1 
" I write in the midst of alarm and confusion, 
and (your Honor must excuse me for adding) 
of universal indignation against the govern- 
ment. The storm that has burst upon us so 
f ariously was long foreseen ; it was predicted 
again and again ; the means of shelter were 
pointed out and the government implored to 



130 TANGORUA. 

furnisli tliem. But in return we received 
nothing but accounts of contentions between 
the governor and assembly, respecting the 
dignity of the one and the privileges of the 
other. Whilst those from whom we have a 
right to expect protection are thus disputing 
among themselves, we see our property de- 
stroyed, our homes reduced to ashes, our 
wives and children butchered and horribly 
mutilated, or carried into captivity worse than 
death. I will not shock your Honor by de- 
tailing the cruelties I have witnessed. Mer- 
cenary soldiers, banditti, pirates, are prover- 
bially cruel. But they are men, and their 
passions may be appeased or satiated. These 
are fiends, broke loose from hell, with fire 
unquenchable raging in their bosoms. All 
the chief settlements of the border have been 
abandoned or exterminated — Shemokin, Mo- 
hontongo, Tuscarora, Connococheague, Pax- 
ton, the Great Cove, and many others. But as 
yet we have felt only the forewarning blast 
of the hurricane. Reliable information has 
reached us, that our diabolical enemies, French 



TANGORUA. 131 

and Indians to the number of fifteen hundred 
are now assembled at Shemokin, and prepar- 
ing to march eastward; how far such- a force 
may advance into a province which has no 
organized force to oppose it, your Honor can 
judge. We have neither arms nor ammuni- 
tion here suitable to defend ourselves even 
against their straggling bands ; and yet it seems 
that our wise men at Philadelphia are still 
busy with their old disputes, although every 
hour's delay makes it more likely that there 
will soon be nothing left to dispute about. In 
the name of the brave men who bought these 
lands and settled them on the faith of promises 
that they should be protected in the enjoy- 
ment of them ; in the name of their now home- 
less wives and children, of humanity and of 
justice ; for the safety of the province ; for the 
interest of the proprietaries, and for the honor 
of our sovereign, we implore your Honor to 
devise some means that shall at once put 
an end to these domestic broils, and enable 
the government to put forth all its strength 



132 TANGORUA. 

to save us and it from tlie . impending de- 
struction." 

[Enter a Messenger^ 

Messenger. — I have come direct from Car- 
lisle. The town is overflowing with people, 
who have poured in from the more advanced 
settlements. They have sent me here to re- 
present their condition, and to bring back 
such immediate assistance as I can procure. 
The case of hundreds is included in one sad 
story, and that is my own. Five days ago I 
was at work in my field, in the Great Cove. 
My neighbors throughout the settlement were 
similarly employed. We had gathered in our 
fall crops, and were preparing the ground to 
receive the seed of the next 3^ear's harvest ; 
nothing but peace had ever been known in our 
valley, and the mountains that encircled it shut 
out all thought of danger. We had always 
lived on friendly terms with the Indians, and 
as little expected harm from them as from 
an earthquake. Towards evening on the day 
I have mentioned, my attention was suddenly 
drawn towards a number of people flying 



TANGORUA. 133 

alonor a neio'liborina: road towards tlie liills. 
Turning then in the direction of my own 
dwelling, I saw that which caused me to 
hasten home at the top of my speed. But all 
was over. I came only in time to find some 
mutilated corpses of women and children 
which I could not recognize. My house and 
barn were heaps of smoking ruins. Horses, 
cattle, every living thing, had been slain and 
every article of value consumed or broken. 
These demons, it would seem, care not so 
much to ravage, as to destroy ; and not con- 
tent with murdering, they never fail to mangle. 
There being nothing to detain me here, I 
joined the throng that was now flying from all 
directions towards the nearest mountain. 
When we had reached its summit, we looked 
back and saw the whole settlement involved 
in a common ruin. The valley was studded 
throughout with columns of smoke; and 
every now and then a wild shriek would 
reach our ears from some dwelling which the 
tomahawk had just entered. We hastened 

on to Carlisle and there learned that like dis- 
12 



134 TANGOEUA. 

asters liad fallen upon all the border. I need 
not say tliat I am in haste to return ; and I 
trust I shall not be sent back alone nor empty 
handed. 

\_A friendly Indian is here announced and 
admitted?^ 

Friendly Indian. — I am a Nanticoke, and I 
speak for the Indians that live on the Sus- 
quehanna. We love our English brethren, 
and still wish to act under their advice, as we 
have always done since our great Father, 
William Penn, landed on our shores. But 
when the storm is in the sky, the eagle loves 
to sail on the troubled air ; and when war is 
in the land, the Indian's heart palpitates for 
the battle. We can restrain our young men 
no longer. They know no dance but the 
war-dance ; no song but the war-whoop. 
They are like hounds when the deer is in 
sight ; we cannot hold them from the chase. 
But our wise men cannot let them strike your 
enemies unless you help them. We are as 
the elk, living in small and scattered herds. 
They are as the squirrels in the tree-tops; the 



TANGORUA. 135 

woods are everywhere full of tliem. The 
Delawares, the Shawanese, the Mmnisinks, 

the Tweightwees, , many tribes 

from beyond the Ohio, all the tribes west and 
south except the Six Nations, are against you, 
led on by the French, and resolved that no 
Englishman shall be left alive in the countr}^. 
And yet you are doing nothing. I come to 
know whether you will fight or not. If you 
will give us arms and join us like men, we 
can soon drive them beyond the Alleghanies. 
But if you will not help yourselves, and intend 
quietly to bow your heads to the scalping 
knife, we must seek other connections. We 
cannot contend alone against such numerous 
enemies ; nor will we allow our young men 
to shed their blood in the defence of cowards ; 
to-morrow I will expect your answer, that I 
may carry it back to my people. 

[Exit?^ 

[Enter another Messenger^ 

Second Messenger. — Here is a circular that 
has been distributed throughout the border 
and has met with general approbation. I 



136 TAN GO RU A. 

have brouglit it that the governor may see 
the temper of the people. 

Lieut- Governor. — Hand it to the Secretary, 
and let him read it. 

Secretary. — (Beads.) — Men of the Frontier ! 
whilst murder in its most cruel form is enter- 
ing the doors of many of your neighbors, and 
hovering around all your dwellings, listen to 
our words ! A ruthless foe assails us with 
overwhelming numbers ; an imbecile .Govern- 
ment sends us not even a promise of assistance. 
The savage yells from the wilderness are 
echoed back from the Capitol in wranglings 
about dignity and precedence. Perhaps our 
Philadelphia brethren look upon the border 
settlements as a breakwater, upon which the 
storm will spend its fury, leaving their harbor 
undisturbed. Perhaps they console them- 
selves with the expectation that our blood, 
and the blood of our wives and children, will 
slake the thirst of the enemy, and stay his 
progress. But shall we submit to be thus 
used, with all who are most dear to us, as 
mere barricades, behind which the selfish, the 



TAN GO RU A. 137 

indolent and the cowardly may liide them- 
selves in safety ? Every consideration that is 
sacred among men forbids it. Be ready then 
for the only alternative. We have made a 
last appeal for help ; if it be not immediately 
sent, let "us march to Philadelphia with arms 
in our hands, and quarter ourselves and our 
families upon its inhabitants. If battles 
are to be fought we shall be stronger there 
than here ; if extermination is to be our doom, 
let it fall upon the whole province alike. We 
are, in great affliction, your 

FELLOW SUFFEKERS. 

1st Council-man. — These are indeed strange 
tales for this Province. Where is now the 
spirit of Wm. Penn? Alas I when he ascended 
there was no Elisha to take up the mantle he 
let fall. 

Lieut- Governor. — You are greatly mistaken, 
sir. More than half the members of our 
present Assembly are wearing the identical 
garment at this moment. At least they think 

so. They adhere literally to the same maxims, 

12* 



138 TANGGRUA. 

under circumstances altogetlier different ; and 
lience come all our troubles. Add to this the 
spirit of insubordination, which has long been 
fermenting in our midst, and it was apparent 
that an early explosion in some direction was 
inevitable. Why should we then waste regrets 
on these occurrences, when a lasting benefit 
may be drawn from them ? The Assembly 
have long treated our instructions and advice 
with contempt ; they have also turned a deaf 
ear to the prayers of the border settlements ; 
but now that their own peace and safety are 
threatened, we shall find (unless my know- 
ledge of human nature prove greatly at fault,) 
that their insolence will give place to a cor- 
responding degree of servility. Let us then 
make use of the opportunity to quell this rising 
spirit of independence, and to teach both As- 
sembly and people a proper respect for the 
masters appointed by heaven to rule over 
them. 

2c? Council-man. — Would that all our 
governors had shown a temper like this! 
Authority had not then been trampled under 



TANGORUA. 139 

foot. But no matter, your Honor will soon 
bring tliese cliampions of rebellion to your 
feet as suitors. 

1st Council-man. — I am not so sure of that, 
tliese non-resisting Quakers are a very pecu- 
liar people. Witb all tbeir meekness tkey 
refuse to extend to their superiors the com- 
monest courtesies of life, and with all their 
love of peace, they are obstinately tenacious 
of their purposes. When you have seen a 
single one of them take off his hat in the 
presence even of a king, it will be time 
enough to indulge the expectation of seeing 
them bend their knees before a governor. 
But we shall see, we shall see. 

[Exeunt.'] 



140 TANGORUA. 



SECTION II. 

At same place. A room in Lynford's house. Present 
Lynford and several companions, Eum^ord, Piper, 
Gaines, &c. 

Bumf or d. — Wliy Lynford, this is tlie same 
wine — am sure of it — tliat I drank some time 
ago at the governor's, when I had the honor 
of dining with him. I knew that you were 
in high favor with his Honor, but was not 
aware that you had also won the heart of his 
butler. 

Pi]per. — Upon my word I was just going to 
make the same remark about these cigars. 
They are a prime article, and made expressly 
for the lips of gentlemen of quality like the 
governor and ourselves ; none of your rank 
Virginia weeds but their flavor is aromatic, 
— such as belongs only to plants which grow 
in the tropics. Observe the smoke of them ; 
not dusky wreaths gathering into sable 



TANGORUA. 141 

clouds as tliey rise, bu^ light and graceful 
columns — wliite as Parian marble — swelling 
and tapering like Grecian sbafts — crowned 
witli tbe volute and the acanthus. 

Gaines. — You are a lucky dog, Lynford. 
Not only have you the run of the palace 
larder, but it is currently reported that you 
keep a toll-gate on the lane along which all 
suitors for executive favors are obliged to 
pass, and levy what contributions you please. 

Lynford. — Is this what they say of me? 
Well, then, I will act the patron towards my 
friends, and on this occasion without a fee. 
Choose what you will have. Name the office 
or dignity you desire. You will find Lynford 
no niggard in his gifts. 

Bumford. — Let us first have a bill of the 
fare. What have you got to offer us ? 

Lynford. — Let me see ! Well, how would 
you like to go out as ambassador extraordi- 
nary to settle these Indian disputes. It is an 
office of great danger, and therefore of much 
dignity. Indians, when at Avar, care but little 
for white flags. It will be an even chance. 



142 TANGORUA. 

therefore, whether you save our scalps or 
lose your own. Great glory will be yours in 
either event. 

Rumford. — That office would not suit me. 
I am content with my own hair at present. 
If ever I grow bald and need a wig, I will 
think of your offer. 

Lynford. — No, no! that will be too late; 
for of all heads, an Indian most despises that 
on which the scalp-lock is wanting. It is not 
worth wasting an arrow upon ; for the scalp 
is, according to Indian law, the only legal 
voucher of a victory. Perhaps you would 
like to be appointed surveyor to run the 
lines of the new purchases. Have you a taste 
for wading through swamps ? You will find 
plenty of them. Can you sleep soundly under 
a tree while the wild beasts are holding a con- 
cert around you, and fiery eyes are glaring 
at you from every thicket ? You can have 
such entertainments every night. Are you 
fond of treading- on rattle-snakes? You will 

o 

find the paths fidl of them. Do you love to 
hear the whizzing of tomahawks thrown at 



TAN GO RU A. 143 



your head from ambushments ? Siich martial 
strains will not be wanting to enliven your 
marcb. 

Rumford. — Worse and worse. Let us bear 
anotber specimen. These may be excellent 
ways to get rid of life, but I want something 
that will enable me to keep it and enjoy it. 

Lynford. — Ah, yes ! I understand ; some- 
thing that involves neither wounds nor 
bloodshed. Arm yourself then with reams 
of foolscap, bottles of ink, and wings of goose- 
quills. You must be able to keep cool when 
the house is on fire; to wait long and pa- 
tiently when your blood is boiling for action; 
to smile complacently when you are bursting 
with anger. You must learn to swallow and 
digest taunts and insults, because they wear 
the garb of humility or respect; to receive 
orders when you are sent to deliver com- 
mands; in short, to be governed by those 
you are appointed to rule over; for I am 
going to make you aid-de-camp to the go- 
vernor in the war he is now waging with the 
Broad-brims. 



144 T A N G R U A. 

Rumford. — This is the worst of all. Better 
die by the edge of a tomahawk, by the claws 
of a panther, by the fangs of a rattle- snake, 
than fret one's life out in a service like this. 
But, Lynford, tell ns about these disputes. 
We outsiders see the parties only when 
dressed for the stage, and only hear them 
playing their parts. You have access behind 
the scene, and see them in dishabille, and 
hear their conversation " aside ;" you can 
therefore judge of the motives that govern 
them and of the ends they aim at. 

Lynford. — A few plain words will put you 
in possession of the whole case. The Qua- 
kers, as all the world know, are opposed to 
war in any shape. Their maxim is, that love 
is always an overmatch for hate ; that in 
national affairs, as well as in personal, a 
soft answer turneth away wrath. Upon these 
principles this province was founded, and 
they have hitherto been strictly applied in 
the conduct of its affairs; for the majority 
of the assembly has always consisted of 
Quakers. They will listen to no arguments 



TANGORUA. 145 

on the subject from any human source, be- 
cause they believe that their principles are 
derived immediately from the Divine wis- 
dom. This province has, therefore, presented 
the singuMr spectacle of a state surrounded 
by warlike savages, and yet provided with 
neither a standing army, nor a militia, nor 
with fortifications, nor ammunition, nor arms. 

Rumford. — And, let me add, the still more 
singular spectacle of a state at perfect peace, 
while all the neighboring states have been 
engaged in costly and bloody wars. 

Lynford. — Gentlemen, you know that I fight 
under the governor's flag as a true soldier ; 
but then the truth of history must not be 
denied, even though it should justify the im- 
becil conduct of the Quakers. When Brad- 
dock was sent against the French on the Ohio, 
they gave no encouragement they could help, * 
to the expedition. It was enough for them 
to know that it was proposed to wage war 
within the limits of Pennsylvania, whose soil 
was thus far unstained with blood. They 

believed that nothing but evil could come of 
13 



14:6 TANGORUA. 

it. Well, Braddock marclied on, and was 
defeated. His own death and that of so many 
of his officers and men, and the entire disper- 
sion of his army, produced the same effect on 
the Indians that a change of fortune is apt to 
produce on people the most civilized. They 
believed that the English power was destroyed, 
and that the French hereafter would be mas- 
ters of the country. Nearly all the tribes 
have accordingly gone over to the French. 
Some of the more scheming chiefs, no doubt, 
also thought it a favorable moment for the 
execution of a grand project, which they have 
long been meditating. Let us help the French 
to drive out the English, they said, and then 
with all our force let us fall upon the French, 
and the whole continent will again be ours. 
And so it came to pass that on the eighteenth 
'day of last month, (October, 1755,) the first 
hostile incursion ever made by Indians, upon 
this province, fell like a storm of fire upon the 
frontier settlements.(3) It must, in fairness, 
be admitted that these evils have come upon 



T A N G R U A. 147 

US, only since tlie Quaker policy was aban- 
doned. 

Bumf or d. — But the evil now exists. It is 
no longer a question of going to war, but of 
rescuing women and cliildrenfrom the clutclies 
of ravenous beasts. Still the Quakers refuse 
to vote supplies. 

Lynford. — This brings me to the other point 
of my explanation. — There have been disputes 
between the proprietaries and the assemblies 
almost from the beginning. They arose in 
the time of William Penn, and have been 
increasing in number and virulence ever 
since. Several of these moot-points were at 
issue, when these Indian troubles began ; and 
the governor and the assembly seem each to 
have resolved at the same time to use the 
emergency as a means of extorting submission 
from the other. The governor believes that 
the assembly will yield, rather than see their 
fellow-citizens exterminated, and the assembly 
feels sure that the governor will give way 
when he finds there is no other means of 
saving the province from ruin. In the mean 



148 T A N G R U A. 

time it is a rare spectacle to witness, — tlie 
people are undergoing a dreadful flagellation, 
and tliese contending parties are trying whicli 
can hold out longest against tlieir cries for 
help. The probability seems to be that they 
will soon have neither anything left to con- 
tend for, nor a country to contend in. 

Rumford. — Meanwhile we make but a sorry 
figure in the eyes of our Indian allies, — the 
few that are left us. There is a chief now in 
town from the Susquehanna, who appeared 
the other day before the governor, and de- 
manded why his white brother did not send 
out his young men with their rifles and put 
the hatchet into the hands of the friendly 
Indians, so that they might all strike the 
French together. When the governor ex- 
plained to him that he had no money, that 
the assembly held the purse-strings and refused 
to unloose them ; he expressed the utmost con- 
tempt for such a government. " Do they not 
know," he exclaimed, " that they are sleeping 
over a den of serpents, which are already fast 
crawling: into their bosoms." Then he added. 



T A N G O K U A. 149 

" Will notliing rouse tliem from their stupor ? 
Not the warning sent by their faithful In- 
dians? nor the cries of distress from their 
own people? nor the commands of their 
governor ? One sound more they shall h-ear, 
and that shall be the last : it will be the noise 
of the tomahawk upon their own heads." 
Then observing that the governor looked sad 
and perplexed, he began to cheer him. " Let 
not my brother be cast down or discouraged," 
he said, " I will stand by you, and support you 
with my advice and my influence. I know 
what it is to have a divided council, when the 
enemy is at hand, to extinguish the council- 
fire itself before our eyes. Be cool, be wise, 
be wary, and we shall yet show them that 
two active brains are worth more than a 
whole lodge fall of babbling tongues. 

Gains. — To-morrow, I understand, the as- 
sembly are to meet the governor for consul- 
tation. When he gets them into his presence 
he will, no doubt, soon reduce them to sub- 
mission if not to reason. 

Lynford. — I wish I could think so ; but the 

character of the leaders in that body gives 
13* 



150 TANGOKUA. 

but little promise of such a result. One of 
them is Yernon ; and this whole continent 
contains few cooler, subtler, busier intellects. 
No cloud of adversity, however dark; no 
mountain of difficulty, however huge, can 
obstruct his clear gaze into the future. So 
absolute is his honesty, that although I can 
not say the Tempter never dared even to ap- 
proach him, I will venture to affirm that 
whenever he did, he received a rebuff that 
sent him away howling. For his courage, it 
is about as likely to yield to any storm that 
may assail it, as one of the thousand-year oaks 
of our forests. Wholly without reverence for 
governor, or proprietary or king, he yet bows 
humbly before what he calls the majesty of 
the people. As regards the mother country, 
he talks like a rebel ; as to forms of govern- 
ment, he avows himself a republican. 

Bumf or d. — Whatever else may be said of 
your portraits, Lynford, they are, at least, not 
painted in water colors; nothing short, it 
seems, of crimson and vermillion will serve 
your purpose. But let us have a glance at 
some more of these heroes. 



TANGORUA. 151 

Lynford. — "Well, as Yernon represents the 
republican element, so Callender shall stand 
for Quakerism. It impregnates his inmost 
marrow ; it is stamped upon his outward form ; 
it is illustrated by his daily conduct. With 
him the inward light is a more trusted gnide, 
than all the outward senses ; and the faintest 
whisper of the still small voice is of more 
authority than the most imperious commands 
of earthly potentates. Forms and ceremonies 
he spurns as degrading vanities ; and adheres 
to his broad-brim and his shad-belly amid 
changing fashions, as complacently as nature 
does to her eternal wardrobe. Taught from 
earliest childhood to control his passions, 
whatever fires may rage within his bosom it 
is a volcano that knows no eruption. Delibe- 
rate in his speech, truth flows from his lips 
serene and unalloyed as the waters of a moun- 
tain spring. Acknowledging man as man, 
whatever his condition, he addresses king and 
beggar in the same plain language, which 
contains many words of reproof, but none of 
flattery. Kejecting all force even in self-de- 



152 TANGORUA. 

fence, lie is ever ready to assert his smallest 
riglit in the face of persecution; and never 
denies his faith, nor hesitates to obey God 
rather than man. 

Rumford. — Almost thou persuadest me to 
be a Quaker, Lynford ; but then your excellent 
wine pleads as strongly against it. If ever 
the time comes when good liquor runs short 
or is prohibited among men, I shall take the 
matter into serious consideration. By the 
bye, is it not odd that our moral and religious 
teachers have never thought of attacking old 
Beelzebub in this quarter, and thus spiking 
his heaviest guns, — guns which have battered 
breaches in many a citadel of virtue otherwise 
impregnable. Do they not know that a bottle 
of wine is more than a match for an ordinary 
sermon ? and that a quarter cask of brandy 
will at any time drown out a moral treatise in 
octavo. Here's to the spread of Quakerism, 
then, and of Temperance ; if, indeed, they are 
not one and the same thing. \_Drin]cs?^ 



T A N G O K U A. 153 



SECTION III. 



At the Coiirt-house in Philadelphia.— Present, the 
Lieut.-Governor and his Council. 



1st. Council-man. — What comforting news 
have you for ns this morning, Mr. Secretary ; 
or what new calamities have been reported 
since our last meeting ? 

Secretary. — I have nothing, sir, but another 
long message from the assembly, in which they 
re-argue all the questions in dispute, and insist 
upon their former claims more decidedly than 
ever. If it is the pleasure of the council I 
will read it. 

Lieut.- Governor. — Not now ; not now. We 
have had enough of these windy messages. 
The obstinacy and impudence of these men will 
know no bounds so long as they are allowed 
to proceed at their leisure, and apart. I am 
resolved to try a new method. Go to the 
House, Mr. Secretary, and inform the asscin- 



154 T A N G O K U A. 

bly, tliat wc require their immediate attend- 
ance here in the council chamber. \_ExU 
Secrciari/.] In our presence they will find it 
necessary to speak briefly and to the point ; 
and shame itself will compel them to give 
up what they cannot defend. 

1st. Council-man. — I hope it may prove so ; 
but I fear your Honor will find, that their 
tongues are as oily as their pens are nimble ; 
and that they are quite as fond of making 
long speeches as of writing voluminous mes- 
sages. 

Lieut.- Governor. — Never fear; leave that to 
me. I .shall know how to manage them. 
Have but a little patience, and you will soon 
see these long disputes brought to a summary 
conclusion. [A pause.'] 

\_JEjnter the Speaker of the House followed hy 
the menibers^ 

Mr. Speaker, and gentlemen of the assem- 
bly, I have sent for j^ou that we may confer 
together amicably, and arrive at a speedy 
settlement of our differences. Let us finish 
the argument, if anything remains to be 



TANGORUA. 155 

said ; and form our conclusions ; and proceed 
immediately to action. To indulge in many 
words in an emergency like this is worse 
than folly ; it is wickedness. Already a large 
part of the province is laid waste, and the 
danger now approaches our own doors. In- 
formation has just reached us, that several 
thousand citizens in the County of Chester, and 
a large number in Berks, are mustering under 
arms, with the intention of marching here to 
compel the government to come to an agree- 
ment, and provide forthwith for the public 
defence. Much /as so irregular a proceeding 
must be deplored, we hardly dare blame it. 
For my own part, I have gone to the full 
extent of my powers — and even beyond them 
im my efforts to effect an accommodation. It 
remains for you to say what is to be done ; 
and I hope you will find it agreeable to 
answer voluntarily now, rather than wait 
until you are compelled to answer at the 
point of the bayonet. 

Vernon. — The assembly have promptly 
obeyed — the governor's summons, in the 



156 T A N G R U A. 

full expectation that he was about to with- 
draw the unreasonable pretensions which 
have so long annulled all our efforts to 
serve the public. The assembly, I am sure, 
agree most cordially in the sentiment, that 
all words that interfere with prompt action, 
at a time like this, are criminal ; but we 
are not conscious that any such have here- 
tofore been utterd on our part. As to the 
armed assemblies of Chester and Berks, we 
have heard of them, but felt no apprehension 
on that account. Holding our offices directly 
from the people, it has always been our high- 
est ambition to represent their opinions and 
wishes truly; and we shall gladly embrace 
the opportunity, should they visit us in a 
body on this occesion, to account to them f»r 
our stewardship. If they come with bayonets 
in their hands, that circumstance will neither 
hasten nor change our answer. 

Lieut.- Governor. — Do you imagine, gentle- 
men of the assembly, that frivolous questions 
of form and precedent will be received as an 
excuse for not supplying means of defence, by 



TANGORUA. 157 

bj men who are in hourly danger of being 
massacred tbrougb your neglect ? 

Vernon. — The assembly are very sure that 
they have made every concession at all con- 
sistent with the rights of the freemen they 
represent; and they have reason to believe 
that even those who are suffering most do not 
wish them to go farther. On the contrary, 
the sentiment is freely expressed throughout 
the province, that whoever should consent to 
yield essential liberty for the sake of a little 
temporary safety, would thereby prove that 
he deserved neither liberty nor safety. Such 
being the temper of the people, the assembly, 
at least, have nothing to fear from their 
rumored visit. 

Lieut.- Governor. -Essential liberty ! To enroll 
the people ; to place arms in their hands ; to 
set over them officers of their own choosing; — 
call you this an invasion of essential liberty ? 
Why the very beasts of the field might teach 
you the necessity of organization for defence. 
You may learn its principles from the first 

herd of goats or flock of geese you meet with. 
14 



158 TANGORUA. 

A tithe of their wisdom would have given us 
a militia law long ago ; and yet the assembly 
still refuses it. 

Gallender. — In behalf of the people called 
Quakers, who compose a majority of the 
assembly, and are, therefore, responsible for 
its action, permit me to remind the governor, 
that our refusal to establish any kind of mili- 
tary organization is but a consistent applica- 
tion of our principles of peace. To act other- 
wise would be to surrender the policy which 
has been so successfully pursued in the pro- 
vince from the beginning ; and would require 
either, that we abandon the posts assigned us 
by the free voice of the people, or violate the 
most cherished article of our religious faith. 
This we think would be yielding too much to 
the commands even of a governor ; even of the 
present governor of this province. Never- 
theless, whilst we adhere to our own maxims, 
we are willing that others who think differ- 
ently should act according to their own con- 
viction. As captain-general, the governor 
has, by the royal charter, full authority to 



TANGORUA. 159 

raise men; and the bill now in his hands, 
granting a large sum "for the use of the 
king," will enable him to pay the expenses. 
We make no recommendation of violent mea- 
sures, and wish for no share in the honor of 
military expeditions. We shall be happy if 
we only can keep ourselves free from the 
guilt of them. But the votes we have passed 
will prove to the world, that we have no 
desire to force our principles upon those who 
are not prepared to receive them. 

Lieut.- Governor. — Let us have no more tri- 
fling, gentlemen. The bill you refer to, taxes 
the proprietary estates ; and I have told you 
again and again, that my instructions posi- 
tively forbid my agreeing to any such law. 

Callender. — Let all reasonable men judge 
between us and the proprietaries in this mat- 
ter. Deeply interested as they are in the 
peace of the province ; gaining more than any 
other persons by its prosperity ; they yet re- 
fuse to bear any share of the burdens which 
fall so heavy upon us in these times of trouble. 
This we think must be considered extraordi- 



IGO T AN a OR U A. 

nary conduct, wliether tliey are regarded in 
the capacity of fathers of their country or that 
of subjects to their king. Neither can we 
admit the governor's plea that he is bound by 
proprietary instructions. Their instructions 
are secrets to us, and we may waste much time 
and much of the public money in framing 
and passing bills which, after all, must, from 
those instructions, prove abortive. If we can 
thus do nothing for the relief of our country 
till we fortunately hit on the only bill the 
governor is allowed to pass, or till we make 
such as the governor or proprietaries direct 
us to make, we see little use of assemblies 
in this particular, and think we might as well 
leave it to the governor or proprietaries to 
make for us what supply laws they please, 
and save ourselves and the country the ex- 
pense and trouble. All debates and all rea- 
sonings are vain, where proprietary instruc- 
tions, just or unjust, right or wrong, must 
inviolably be observed. We have only to 
find out, if we can, what they are, and then 
submit and obey. 



TANGORUA. 161 

Lieut.- Governor. — All this can signify no- 
tlnng:. These instructions have been sent me 
and I consider them binding. The question 
is, gentleman, whether you are prepared to 
amend your bill in the manner I have sug- 
gested. 

Vernon. — It is very true that the assembly 
have heretofore, in a spirit of liberal conces- 
sion, agreed occasionally to the amendment of 
their bills, without reference to the subject- 
matter. They have not found the practice, 
however, answer any such useful purpose, as 
can encourage the continuance of it. We 
have of late had so many supply bills and of 
such different kinds rejected on various pre- 
tences, — some for not complying with obsolete 
instructions ; some for being inconsistent with 
the supposed spirit of an act of parliament, 
which had no relation whatever to this pro- 
vince ; some for beiiig, as the governor was 
pleased to say, " of an extraordinary nature," 
without informing us wherein that extraordi- 
nary nature consisted* and others for dis- 
agreeing with new discovered meanings and 
14* 



162 TANG OKU A. 

forced constructions of a clause in tlie pro- 
prieterj commission, that we are now really 
at a loss to divine what bill can possibly pass. 
We find, indeed, in this instance, another proof 
of how little is to be gained by such compli- 
ance, and how endless it is to admit any 
change in such bills ; for now the governor 
proj^oses to amend his own amendments — 
adds to his own additions — and alters his 
own alterations ; so that though we should 
accede to these, we are not sure of being ever 
the nearer to a conclusion. The assembly 
are therefore resolved, that they cannot upon 
this or any future occasion allow any amend- 
ment whatever to their many bills, but are 
resolved henceforth to insist upon the privi- 
leges in this kind enjoyed by the commons 
of England. 

Lieut.- Governor. — This is a most monstrous 
pretension, and overlooks entirely the broad 
distinction between the constitutions of Eng- 
land and of Pennsylvania. It is, however, in 
keeping with the general spirit of the assem- 
bly; whose chief ambition seems to be to 



T A N G O II U A. 163 

humble their lawful rulers, the proprietaries, 
and to obtain complete control over their 
possessions. Did you but feel, gentlemen, a 
portion of the anxiety for the public welflxre, 
and sympathy for the public sufferings which 
weigh upon my spirits, you would postpone 
these contentions to a more fitting season. 

Verno7i. — We know of no season, sir, that 
is fit for sarrenderino: the ris^hts of our con- 
stituents. And we think it at least probable, 
that we, who have been, most of us born on 
the soil and all of us residents here from our 
youth ; whose families are settled here ; whose 
fortunes are invested here ; whose present 
interests and future hopes are all here : it is 
at least probable that we feel as much anxiety 
and sympathy for our fellow-citizens, as the 
governor does, who is comparatively a stran- 
ger among us, whose fortune and connections 
are elsewhere, and whose intention it no 
doubt is, to return after a while whence he 
came, carrying with him such honors and 
profits as he may have been able to accumu- 
late here. 



164 TANGORUA. 

Lieut.- Governor. — ISTo more of tliis, gentle- 
men. It is bad enougTi to be obliged to read 
such language in your messages. I cannot 
suffer it to be spoken in my presence. Go 
back to your bouse and meditate on the con- 
dition of your bleeding country ; for so, per- 
haps, the dying embers of humanity may yet 
be revived in your bosoms. 

Vernon. — We are as ready to withdraw, as 
we were to come ; but it is proper the gover- 
nor should first be informed that the assembly 
have resolved to lay an account of these pro- 
ceedings before his Majesty ; and that unless 
this just and equitable bill receives his sig- 
nature they will be under the necessity of 
making an immediate application and com- 
plaint against him to the sovereign. 
[Exeunt the speaker ^followed hy the Assemhli/.'] 

Lieut.- Governor. — Well, it is something at 
least to know the worst. These men, I have 
no doubt, will stand their ground, in spite of 
all we can do; for when were a set of fan- 
atics ever yet reduced to reason by argument, 
persuasion, authority, or any thing short of 



TAN GO RU A. 165 

actual scourging. It is fortunate for tliem 
that tlie rod lias not been put into my hand. 
But, gentlemen of the council, what is to be 
done now. My instructions are peremptory 
against agreeing to any taxation of the pro- 
priety estates. To yield the point therefore 
would, it seems to me, be a betrayal of per- 
sonal confidence, and would also subject me to 
personal responsibility in a ruinous amount. 

Several Council-men. — We can see no way 
of escaping such a conclusion; nor how the 
point can be yielded with honor or safety. 

Lieut.' Governor. — This comes of the Uto- 
pian dreams of William Penn. Clothed with 
ample powers, he might have governed his 
province as a feudal chief, and levied such 
contributions as he pleased. But he pre- 
ferred the people before himself and his 
family, and seemed anxious to divest himself 
and his successors of every power which 
he supposed might safely be entrusted to a 
popular assembly. As might have been ex- 
pected, this assembly has striven ever since 
to grasp also the few privileges that were 



Ibb TANGORUA. 

retained. So great has been their success, 
indeed, that they seem now almost ready to 
grapple with the power of the monarch him- 
self. Some of lis may live to see the day 
when they will even dare to raise the standard 
of independence. 

A Council-man. — Such thoughts are now 
freely entertained, and even expressed; and 
what is remarkable, it is claimed that they 
are a necessary result of the principles taught 
by William Penn himself. They profess to 
believe, that if he is now conscious of what 
is passing in his beloved province, it must 
give him unmingled satisfaction to witness 
the spread of that principle of equality which 
is likely to deprive his descendants of all 
their privileges, and of that spirit of inde- 
pendence which threatens to reject the rule 
of all earthly kings. Such' are the wild no- 
tions that now infect many who are looked 
upon as leaders of the people. [Uxeunt.] 



TANGORUA. 167 



SECTION lY. 



At the Moravian Mission.— Tangorua on the portico of 
the Mission House.— A band of Indians in war costume 
in the foreground. Enter Zangenberg. 



Zangenberg. — You are welcome, Tangorua. 
I have long been anxiously expecting you. 
But what mean these strange trappings? 
This head-dress of eagle's plumes — this robe 
with heathenish pictures — these horrid scalp- 
lock fringes ? It is not thus that you have 
been accustomed to appear among us. And 
those, your companions, reclining on yonder 
hillside, half naked, streaked with paint, and 
smeared with charcoal, till they are fearful to 
look on — with bows, and shields, and toma- 
hawks ! It is not thus that Indians come to 
receive instruction from their Christian teach- 
ers, and to join in prayer to the Prince of 
Peace. Such preparations are fit for those 
who serve the powers of hell, not of heaven. 



168 TANGORUA. 

Tangorua. — Tangorua appears in the dress 
which, becomes a war-chief when leading his 
young men to battle ; for he who enjoys the 
honor of command should make himself 
the most conspicuous mark for the enemy. 
Such, at least, is the red-man's law of honor. 
But listen I I have come to tell you that the 
wise men of many nations have met in coun- 
cil, and have appointed Tangorua to lead in 
the war-path. These are my warriors. They 
have all smoked the red pipe, and danced the 
war dance, and sworn fidelity to the cause, by 
striking the reddened post with their hands. 

Zangenberg. — I am sorry to see you, even 
for a moment, return to the practice of these 
heathen rites; and sorrier still to see that 
you have already forgotten your vows of 
peace. Yet war, though always an evil, may 
sometimes be a necessary one. If any tribe 
or people have broken their plighted faith, 
invaded your territory, disturbed your peace, 
or "threatened your safety — in such a case, 
even the dreadful alternative of war may 
become justifiable. But if our teachings 



TANGORUA. 169 

have not been altogether in vain, you will 
make war the instrument of peace, and take 
care that not one arrow is shot unnecessarily. 

Tangorua. — There is a people who have 
done us all the wrongs you have mentioned, 
and a thousand more./ They have invaded 
our country, driven us from our homes, over- 
reached us by their cunning arts, poisoned us 
with their gifts, impoverished us by their 
traffic, and still threaten us with total banish- 
ment, or entire destruction if we remain. 

Zangenberg. — Against such an enemy, war 
is not only allowed, but commanded, both by 
nature and religion. But who are these per- 
nicious children of the Evil One ? 

Tangorua. — The English, the French, the 

white man — the people who come from 

beyond the sea. They have robbed us of 

our inheritance, and as robbers we will treat 

them — drive them out or exterminate them, 

from the graybeard to the suckling babe — all 

but my Christian father and his daughter. 

But come, make haste ; let me convey you to 

a place of safety, for arrows and tomahawks 
15 



170 TANGORUA. 

will soon be flying througli tlie air, like flocks 
of birds. 

Zangenherg, — Such thouglits are nnwortliy 
of yoUj^'my son; they are the proper senti- 
ments of the misanthrope Weerahoochwee. 
His love so far from embracing all mankind, 
does not include even the whole Indian race, 
nor the whole of his own tribe, nor all the 
members of his own family ; it does not ex- 
tend beyond his own miserable person. 
Nothing delights him so much as the sound 
of strife, — but he is careful never to expose 
himself to danger. Ignorant of the white 
man's strength, he would send his own peo- 
ple blind-fold to destruction. He builds his 
plans of materials gathered in fantastic 
dreams; and his presumption leads him to 
despise all the experience, knowledge and 
wisdom of other men. Is not this a true 
picture of him ? 

Tangorua. — So true, that one might know 
it to be his, though you had not named him. 

Zangenherg. — Then why does my son listen 
to such a deceiver. You know better ; you 



TANGORUA. 171 

have seen tlie greatness, tlie numbers and the 
power of the white men. You know that the 
Indian cannot contend with him. If you 
were to expel every man from this province, 
many other provinces of EngUsh would still 
remain. If they were all expelled, the 
French would still be numerous and powerful 
at the north. And after you had conquered 
them, there would be the Spaniards covering 
all the south. But what if they too were 
driven out; would you be allowed to pos- 
sess the country in peace? ISTo! thousands 
upon thousands more would come from be- 
yond the sea, and you would find their 
power always increasing the more you op- 
posed it. Eesistance to the white man is 
therefore madness. He is here, and here he 
will remain and multiply. If the red man is 
wise, he will shape his course accordingly, 
and not attempt to resist what is inevitable. 

Tangorua. — Must we then perish in silence, 
without striking a single blow for our homes 
and our lives? 

Zangenberg. — You cannot resist the white 



172 TANGORUA. 

man's power, but yon may turn liis presence 
into a heavenly blessing. He brings witb 
him all the treasures of wisdom that have 
been accumulated during thousands of years, 
in the old world; education, science, art, 
commerce, and above all a religion which 
God himself came down to teach his children. 
All these the strangers bring, and are ready 
to share with you ; and you may thus in a 
little while learn many great things, which 
you could not of yourselves find out in a 
hundred generations, perhaps not to the end 
of time. Tangorua is wise. Why then does 
he attempt the impossible? Why does he 
not seek the good that is within his reach ? 
Do this, my son, and you shall be blessed, 
and a blessing to your people. Leave Wee- 
rahoochwee to fret himself with his evil pas- 
sions, and to rehearse his crazy visions, in 
his solitary cave. 

Tangorua. — From far and near the war- 
riors have assembled to redress their wrongs. 
Shall I tell them it is all a mistake? that 
they have suffered no wrong, and are 



T A N G R U A. 173 

threatened witli no danger? That what 
they see and feel themselves, what their wise 
men tell them, and, what the traditions of 
their fathers teach, is all a delusion ? That 
the Indians are as great, as numerous, and as 
happy now as ever? They are not children, 
that any man should dare thus to talk to 
them; nor is Tangorua a deceiver, that he 
should tell them what he knows to be false. 

Zangenherg. — That your people have suf- 
fered much wrong is unhappily too true. 
Wicked men are found in every community, 
and governments cannot always restrain them. 
But why should you visit their sins upon the 
innocent? Make your complaint to the 
governor ; you are now in a position to com- 
mand an attentive hearing. You may obtain 
redress for past injuries, and new securities 
for the future. You will thus win the blessed 
character of a peace-maker — the benefactor 
of both races — with new titles to enter upon 
what I have long believed to be your heaven- 
appointed mission. But if this war goes on, 

I shall remain here and share the common 
15^- 



174 TANG OR U A/ 

fate. If all my hopes are tlius to perish by 
violence, it is fit tliat my life sliould end witli 
them. But Miriam ! how often have I talked 
to her of your humanity, your honor, your 
piety, your pure and disinterested love ? Is 
it possible that she is so soon to see you in 
the character of a robber and a ruffian ? 

Tangorua. — Fear not for Miriam. Tan- 
gorua's love is not that of a wild beast, which 
delights in tormenting and destroying its 
object: it teaches him to honor, to protect, 
and to obey. By it she will be saved, when 
all her white sisters perish. It will enable 
her to make her wish the law of every wig- 
wam, where Tangorua's authority extends. 
Nor will it cause her to be molested by his 
presence. She will be to him as a beautiful 
star which he will watch, and worship from a 
distance ; as unapproachable as it, and as safe 
from all danger of polluting touch. Such is 
Tangorua's love. It is a fountain that will 
flow on while he lives. Neglect and con- 
tempt may trouble its waters, but cannot 
quench them, nor turn them to bitterness. 



T A N G R U A. 175 

Zangenherg. — Such love is not likely to go 
long unreturned. But how do you propose 
to prosecute your suit? will you come with 
hands reeking with blood to woo a Christian 
maiden ? Will you bring the scalps of her 
friends and relatives as a love-gift ? The torch 
of love cannot thus be kindled. But go and 
stay this dreadful strife ; restore peace, and 
prepare your people to receive the gospel of 
peace. Then patriotism, duty, gratitude, reli- 
gion, all these setiments blended into one will 
assume the form of love, and plead your cause. 

Tangorua. — What assurance can I have 
that peace would bring such results ? 

Zangenherg. — I can but speak my opinion 
at present, but hope to give you better assur- 
ance soon. 

Tangorua. — I go then to conduct my war- 
riors to their camping ground. When 1 
return, I will hear you farther. 

[Exit Tangorua^ and the Indians from tlie 
foreground. Zangenherg enters the house ^ and 
returns in a few minutes loith Miriam.'] 



176 TAN GO RU A. 

Zangenherg. — There have been strangers 
here, my daughter, and they brought very 
important news. 

Miriam, — Strangers ! news I news from our 
friends from Philadelphia — from the father- 
land, perhaps. 0, how my heart flutters at 
the sound! I had almost believed that my 
thoughts would never more wish to escape 
from the shades of this wilderness ; but I find 
they are as eager as ever to spread their 
wings for a flight homewards. 

Zangenherg. — I am sorry to disappoint you ; 
but the news is not from our friends ; nor is 
it of a friendly character. It tells of threat- 
ened war and bloodshed ; of combinations 
among savage tribes ; of extermination of all 
the race of whites. Tangorua has been here 
to warn us of the danger, and to escort us to 
a place of safety. 

Miriam. — Which side is he likely to take 
in such a contest ? 

Zangenherg. — He seems to be halting be- 
tween two opinions. Patriotism, tradition, 
the persuasions of chiefs and counsellors, 



TANGO RU A. 177 

ambition, and above all, tlie wild instincts of 
Lis race, attract him to the canse of the con- 
spirators; but all his better feelings, his 
knowledge, his judgment, his humanity, in- 
cline him towards peace and friendship with 
the whites. Shall he be left to the accidents 
of these contending influences, or shall he be 
bound with cords and cables to our cause ? 
Oh, Miriam ! thoughts are in my heart which 
I dare not utter ; for on this subject, and on 
this alone, I have found you. disposed to turn 
a deaf ear to your father's voice. 

Miriam. — Speak on, father ; I am listening 
to every word you say. 

Zangenherg. — My daughter, if it is true, as 
I am well assured it is, that this people are 
descended from the chosen people of old — 
that they are a remnant of the lost tribes of 
Israel — then must Jehovah look down with a 
peculiar interest on this scene ; and his appro- 
bation or anger will attend your conduct, in 
no common measure; for in your hands, I 
verily believe, are the issues of peace or war, 
the lives of thousands of your fellow crea- 



178 TANGORUA. 

tures, tlie fortunes of many tribes and nations 
of red men. Providence will certainly 
accomplish his own ends at last; but the 
method and the time may be changed by the 
rebellion of a single agent. Would that 
your eyes might be opened to see the glori- 
ous prospect that stretches far away before 
you I "Would that your heart might be 
inclined to enter upon it with hope, and faith, 
and love, unfeigned! 

Miriam, — Alas, that so heavy a burden 
should fall to the share of one so feeble! 
What wonder if I have been pressed to the 
earth by it ? My blood was chilled, my brain 
bewildered; dark and desperate purposes 
crossed my soul. But all that is passed. I 
am now calm, resigned and resolute. If I 
err, my error shall at least be the result of 
filial love and obedience. Dispose of me, my 
dear father, as before God you believe to be 
right. Whatever arrangement you make, I 
pledge myself to abide by it. Allow me only 
to give a few hours to the past ; I shall then 
live entirely for the future. Some tears I 
must shed over hopes that can never be 



TANQORUA. 179 

realized ; some idols, whose roots are entwined 
among my heart-strings, I must tear from my 
bosom. But fear not ; my heart shall be a 
free and perfect offering — unfettered by re- 
serve, unstained by the remains of any earthly 
passion. 

Zangenberg, — Oh, my daughter, believe me, 
believe me, there is joy over this scene even 
among the angels. Eetire now, if you wish, 
to your chamber. May the Holy Spirit guide 
you in all good purposes, and enable you to 
walk faithfully and wisely in the high path 
in which you are called to tread. {Exeunt.) 

[JEnter KazuJcafrom hehind a screen of grape- 
vines^ 

Kazuka. — I have heard what was not in- 
tended for my ears; but how could I help 
listening. It may be wrong to gain know- 
ledge in this way, but when one has got it, it 
cannot be wrong to use it for a good purpose^ 
Who would have believed it? No witness 
but my own ears could make me do so. I 
have seen wild and even cruel ceremonies 
performed by Indian pow wows ; but never 
anything like this, — a father tearing out the 



180 TANGORUA. 

heart of his own daughter and offering it up 
as a sacrifice. A sacrifice to whom ? Can the 
Great Spirit take pleasure in such a deed? 
Ko ! it is a sacrifice to the spirit of evil — 
made through selfishness or fear, and is alto- 
gether a deed of wickedness. But what can 
Kazuka do to prevent it? If she has any 
wit let her use it now. "Well, I will go to 
Weerahoochwee's cave. It is said he can 
read the secrets of the heart ; tell what is to 
happen hereafter ; and control coming events 
as he pleases. I will apply to him for help ; 
he may yet save my sister Miriam. But 
what if I should bring evil on Tangorua! 
Even to save her I cannot do that. Ah! 
could I but be changed to a white maiden, 
or could Tangorua's eyes be made to see me 
like Miriam, and Miriam like Kazuka, how 
happy we all should be! And why may not 
Weerahoochwee do even this? He has done 
greater things if all they say of him is true. 
I will go and tell him all. Whatever may 
happen, I cannot be made more wretched 
than I am. My heart is full of sorrow al- 
ready ; it can hold no more. [Uxit.'} 



T A N G O R U A. 181 



SECTION Y. 

At Weerahooch-wee's Cave.— Present, J'Weerahooch'wee 
and Tangorua. 

Weerahoochwee. — They wlio were pale by 
nature, are paler now from fear. Not one of 
all tlie swarms wlio infested these hills and 
valleys remains; they have all been fright- 
ened back to their nests on the banks of the 
Delaware. Make haste and fall npon them 
there ; beat and burn till not a vestige is left 
of hive or hornet. Then shall the deer return 
to his old haunts, and our people to the hunt- 
ing grounds of their fathers. 

Tangorua. — Why was Tangorua appointed 
War Chief, if the young men can go out and 
fight when they please? I have mustered 
my forces; I have laid my plans for the 
future; but who has unburied the hatchet 
without my orders? 

Weerahoochivee. — So the work is done, what 
matter how or when, or by whom ? So many 



182 TANGORUA. 

the fewer hands there will be for you to 
strike down; so many the fewer throats you 
will have the trouble of cutting. Or does Tan- 
gorua wish to enjoy the death-pangs of every 
victim? Will it not satisfy him if all the 
scalps are brought to him fresh and bleeding? 

Tangorua. — If you were talking to a wolf 
such words might please him; but Tangorua 
neither does such cruel deeds himself, nor 
allows them to be done where he commands. 

Weeralioocliwee. — This lesson you have 
learned in the schools of the white man. He 
makes war under the mask of friendship. He 
speaks softly when his arm is raised to strike. 
He smiles upon his enemy while stabbing him 
to the heart. Not so the Indian. He knows 
well the duties of hospitality and friendship, 
and in times of peace performs them with 
sacred care. But when he makes war, he goes 
out to terrify, to kill, and to conquer. He 
makes his face streaked with paint, and grim 
as a panther's : his voice becomes harsher than 
the scream of a swooping eagle ; and when 
he seizes his prey he tears it with the fury of 



TANGORUA. 183 

a wild-cat. We do not expect tlie Good Spirit 
to smile on such doings : war is tlie business 
of the Evil One ; in his name we carry it on, 
and in such way as will be likely to please 
him best. 

Tangorua. — I will not speak of generosity 
towards an enemy, nor of mercy towards him 
our duty compels us to destroy. Such words 
would be thrown away upon one who acknow- 
ledges himself a follower of the Evil One. 

WeerahoocJiwee. — It is well. To explain such 
things might be too great a task even for the 
eloquence and learning of Tangorua, lie does 
well therefore to avoid it. But when will you 
be ready to raise the war-whoop ? Where is 
the storm gathering that is to blow these in- 
truders into the ocean? 

Tangorua. — It is the part of a wise man to 
keep his own counsel, and of a leader to seize 
on opportunities as they rise ; for the rest I 
shall listen to no dictator except a sense of 
duty. 

WeraJwochwee. — The end you are required 
to accomplish is the destruction or expulsion 



184 T A N G O R U A. 

of the whole race of pale-faces ; tlie means are 
left to your discretion. 

Tangorua. — The end I aim at is the good 
of my people, — whether it require that the red 
hatchet be unburied, or that the broken chain 
of friendship be repaired. 

We&ralioochwee. — Men sometimes prefer 
their own good to the public good. Does not 
Tangorua know that many of his brothers 
believe that he is at heart more than half a white 
man ? It therefore becomes him, of all men, 
to prove his fidelity to the cause of his people. 

Tangonm.-'Does not Weerahoochwee know 
that many of his brothers believe him to be 
half mad-man and half impostor ? Of all men 
it becomes him, therefore, to prove his wisdom 
and honesty. 

WeeraJwochwee. — Beware! the same hand 
that raised you so high may pull you down. 

Tangorua. — Surrounded by my warriors, 
and strong in their love and confidence, I have 
nothing to fear from men who live in caves 
and converse with shadows ; nor will I waste 
more time in disputing with such a one. [Bxit. 



TANGORUA. 185 

Weeralioochwee. — So ! This young man 
already wishes to kick down the ladder by 
which he has climbed to greatness. I have 
ever found it thus. The heights of glory are 
seldom reached otherwise than step by step ; 
nor without much toil and care ; nor without 
a helping hand from others: yet the occu- 
pants would fain have the world believe it is 
their native seat, or that they have risen 
through the air on wings, or dropped down 
from the clouds above. I would not, there- 
fore, quarrel with Tangorua on this point if 
I believed him true to the cause ; but I see 
clearly that he has returned to his old dream 
of friendship and alliance with the white men. 
And where would all this end? In what 
does a nation's life consist ? In its traditions 
— its customs — its religion. Shall we then 
strip off the fashions of our fathers, and put 
on the garments of our enemies ? This were 
to be doubly conquered. This were to die 
as freemen, and yet live as slaves ; to wear a 
perpetual yoke of servitude — an unfading 
badge of infamy. But what has caused him 



186 TANGORUA. 

thus suddenly to turn from his course? The 
moon no doubt has a reason for its changes, and 
so has he. Shame to my wits if they do not 
soon discover it ! But who comes here? The 
very spirit I would wish to conjure up, if I 
were indeed the magician I profess to be — 
[Enter KazuJca.] My daughter is welcome. 
She does well to bring her griefs to me. I 
will receive them, and she shall not carry 
one of them back with her. Every cloud 
shall be chased from her brow, and every 
tear wiped from her eyes. 

KazuJca. — All the world knows that Wee- 

rahoochwee can control the spirits of the living 
as well as of the dead ; that he can make the 
eye to see, and the heart to love or hate as he 
commands. 

WeeraJioochwee. — If I were not wiser than 
other men, how could I know your secret 
now, before you told it? You love Tan- 
gorua, but Tangorua loves the white maiden. 
IIow then can you help wishing her removed 
out of the way. You do well to hate her and 
all her race. Be patient; you shall soon 



TANGO II U A. 187 

drink revenge till you are drunk with it. 
Miriam shall die ; our old women shall bind 
her to the stake ; Kazuka shall conduct the 
tortures. 

Kazuha. [Beginning to lueejji] — No, no ! It 
was a false spirit that told you this. Your 
words fill me with horror. My Christian 
teachers have shown me a better way. I 
have learned to pity and forgive, even the 
enemy I hate the worst. But my sister 
Miriam is dearer to me than my own life. I 
come to ask you to help and to save her. 
Instead of putting her to the torture, I am 
ready, if such a price must be paid, to bear 
it myself for her deliverance. 

Weerahoochwee. — Shall I then increase 
Tangorua's passion ? Is she not satisfied ? 
Does he not love her enough ? 

Kazuka. — It is his love that makes her 
miserable. Your spells alone can save her 
from its influence. 

Weerahoochwee. — Is not her father with 
her? Why does not he protect her. 
. Kazicka.—^liQ might walk safely on the 



188 TANGORUA. 

edge of the precipice, dizzy as it is, but her 
father's hand is now stretched forth to push 
her over. He tells her that Tangorua 
threatens to make war on the white man, and 
destroy all the race ; but if she will become 
his wife, he will be the white man's friend 
and protector, and so she has agreed, to sell 
her heart for the safety of her people. 

WeerahoocJuuee. — How did you come by this 
knowledge ? 

Kazulca. — I happened to be near them, but 
hid from their view by the leaves of a grape- 
vine when they were talking about it. 

Weerahoocliivee. — You did well to come to 
me for help ; and on one condition, I promise 
you shall not be disappointed. Keep all you 
have seen and heard to yourself. Wait 
patiently awhile. Tangorua shall not have 
your sister Mirirm, nor want her long. He 
will soon love no one better than Kazuka. 

Kazuha. — My sister is saved and I am satis- 
fied. I will not complain, whatever else may 
happen. [ExiQ 

Weeralieochwee. \_Alone^ — This surpasses my 



TANGORUA. 189 

worst fears. Tangorua a traitor! And for 
what ? If lie were driven by furious anger I 
could understand it ; if revenge blinded and 
maddened liim, it would only be wliat lias 
happened to many an Indian before ; if ambi- 
tion tempted him with promises of power 
and greatness, I could share the feeling, and 
almost pardon him. But to betray his people 
for a woman's love ; to yield up the greatest 
project ever formed for the sake of one poor, 
pale-faced girl, when he might buy dark- 
eyed maidens enough to fill his wigwam — 
the daughters of great chiefs — for a few bun- 
dles of skins, this is what no other red-man 
ever thought of; this is one of the great 
things he learned in the white-man's school. 
He denies my power, and despises my threats. 
This is another fruit of his learning. But 
the Indian whose only school has been the 
forest, is not thus wise above his fathers. 
He believes that the spirits of the air are sub- 
ject to my control; that they are ready at my 
command to unstring the bow, already bent ; 
to turn aside the arrow in its flight ; to change 



190 TANG OKU A. 

a band of daring warriors into a herd of friglit- 
ened deer. Even so it is; for what matters 
it whether a man's power rests on his own 
strength, or on the weakness of those he 
governs? The result is all the same; and 
this Tangorua soon shall learn. Since he is 
determined to measure his power with mine, 
the world shall soon see whose thunderbolts 
are the strongest. He has made the white- 
man's cause his own ; let him then share the 
white-man's fate ! lExit.] 



PART FOURTH. 

SECTION I. 



At Philadelphia. A street corner. Present, a crowd of 
citizens. 



1st Citizen. — What news? Is there any 
new news this morning? or does the world 
still stand where it did last evening? 

2d Citizen. — The Indians, it is said, killing 
and burning all before them, are fast ap- 
proaching the city. 

Sd Citizen. — No, not the Indians, but a mob 
of white men, are coming here with arms in 
their hands. 

1st Citizen. — Yes, it is the white men of the 
frontier that are coming ; but what are they 
coming for ? Tliere are many stories afloat ; 
men's opinions seem to be governed not by 
information, but by their own hopes or 
fears. 



192 TANGORUA. 

Bd Citizen. — They are coming, I am told, to 
plunder tlie city, as a compensation for tlie 
losses they have suffered by the Indians. 

4th Citizen. — My informant assures me that 
their object is, to put their families in a place 
of safety, while they concentrate their forces 
to fight the common enemy. 

6th Citizen. — It is the work of demagogues, 
who desire to overturn the government, and 
rule the province themselves. 

6th Citizen. — You are all mistaken. I have 
my information from a sure source. They 
are coming to compel the governor and 
assembly to agree at once upon some active 
measures of defence. 

1st Citizen. — If that is their object, they 
will find many friends here to join them. 

Several voices. — We will help them to toss 
the wranglers all together into the Delaware. 

1st Citizen. — That will be the way to bring 
them to an agreement. They will soon pass 
a bill then for their own deliverance, though 
they cannot agree upon one now, to save the 
people. 



T A N G II U A. 193 

2d Citizen. — Shame on tlie assembly, for 
not voting tlie necessary supplies ! 

3c? Citizen. — Shame on the governor, for 
not signing the bills that have been passed ! 

4:th Citizen. — Shame on the proprietaries, 
for tying the governor's hands with imprac- 
ticable instructions ! 

1st Citizen. — Why does not the king pro- 
vide for the defence of his loyal subjects ? 

2d Citizen. — All this comes from being 
governed by rulers who live thousands of 
miles away. 

1st Citizen. — It will never be well with us 
■until we take the government into our own 
hands. 

Several voices. — Treason ! treason ! treason ! 

1st Citizen. — "We owe no allegiance to 
rulers who cannot protect us from massacre. 

Several voices. — Go ring the bells ! Assem- 
ble the people! Call them to arms! We 
will make common cause with our brethren 
from the frontier. 

1st Citizen. — Peace ! Stay a moment ! Here 



194 TANGORUA. 

comes Lynford ; lie can give ns the news if 
tliere be any stirring. 

[Entei' Lynford?[ 

Lynford. — What is the meaning of this? 
How comes this great herd to be assembled 
at so early an hour? They are disturbing 
the peace of the city, too, with their bleatings. 
Have their instincts forewarned them that 
wolves are in the neighborhood ? or do they 
snuff' a coming storm, in the atmosphere? 
Such gifts of prescience are common, it is 
said, among the brute creation. 

Is^ Citizen. — This feDow is one of the gov- 
ernor's creatures. Mark his insolence ! 

2nd Citizen. — Down with the governor and 
all his followers ! 

2>d Citizen. — Silence! Let us hear what 
they have to say for themselves. Out of their 
own mouths shall they be condemned. 

Lynford. — You have my thanks, good 
friends, for this willingness to hear me. 
Liberty of speech is a noble privilege at all 
times, — even when a man has nothing to say 
but to pass sentence on himself. But the 



T A N G R U A. 195 

same frankness whicli leads you now to listen 
to me will also lead you to a just construction 
of wliat I have to say. That you are anxious 
respecting the state of public affairs, proves 
only your foresight ; that you are excited by 
the reports that are in circulation, proves only 
your sensibility ; that you are angry with 
those who have neglected to provide for the 
defence of the province, proves only your 
spirit. You do well to indulge these passions ; 
but take care that your vengeance falls upon 
the heads of the guilty alone. You charge 
the go\^ernor with neglecting your interests: 
but how could he defend you without troops ? 
How could he master troops without arms? 
How could he purchase arms without money? 
How could he obtain money without an ap- 
propriation ? AVell, then, you all know that 
he urged the assembly to organise a militia, 
and they answered with a long discourse 
upon the unlawfulness of war. You know 
that he called on them to arm the volunteers, 
and they talked about conscientious scruples 
against bearing arms. You know that he 



196 TANGORUA. 

applied to tliem for means to enable him to 
provide for tlie public safety, and they im- 
posed conditions upon their appropriations, 
which they knew must prevent his accepting 
them. Judge for yourselves then to whose 
misconduct your present danger is owing! 
The assembly will neither fight nor permit 
others to fight. Let them make haste to get 
themselves to a place of safety ! Let them 
huddle themselves together in the rear of 
the governor 1 So far as one stout heart can 
protect them they will then be safe. If the 
enemy ever enter the city they will have to 
pass over his body, and the bodies of his little 
band of followers. 

1st Citizen. — To my mind there is much 
reason in what he says. 

2c? Citizen. — It is clear that the assembly 
are to blame for all our troubles. 

3c? Citizen. — Let us pay them a visit, and 
tell them a piece of our minds. 

Lynford. — My friends, I like your spirit 
well, and would gladly see you put the assem- 
bly through their exercises, in your present 



TANG OR U A. 197 

mood. If you were to march them round the 
city, clothed in sheep-skins, armed with pop- 
guns, to the music of a nnrsery song, it might 
help them to see themselves as the world sees 
them. But don't be in a hurry ; I have good 
news for you ; and perhaps, when yon have 
heard it, yon will think the ceremony may be 
dispensed with for the present. 

1st Citizen. — Give ns the news at once; 
that's what we have been wating for all this 
time. 

2d Citizen. — The news! the news! — we will 
be trifled with no longer. 

3c? Citize7i. — Let's have it, qnick ! If you 
give us any more of your jabber, I'll tear the 
tongue ont of you. 

Lynford. — And what Avould you expect to 
gain by that, my most merciful friend ? If 
you had my tongue in your hand, you could 
not squeeze a word out of it. You must not 
judge it by your own ; it is not used to bawl- 
ing in mere echo to others, but speaks only 
by permission of the brain that governs it. 
Forbear your bloody purpose, then, and you 



198 TANG OKU A. 

sliall have the news as a free gift. Yesterday 
the disputes between the assembly and the 
governor had reached their climax. The dis- 
agreement was hopeless. Both were immova- 
bly grounded: the one from obstinacy, the 
other from want of power. There seemed to 
be nothing left for the people but to go out 
against the enemy as an unorganized rabble, 
or to prepare themselves to die at home with 
decency. But towards evening, as you all 
know, a ship arrived from England (4). 
Among the despatches she brought, was one 
from the proprietaries to their financial agents, 
directing them to hand over to the governor 
a large sum, on their private account, to be 
used, if needed, in defence of the province. 
Contrast this conduct with that of the assem- 
bly. The proprietaries hasten to your assist- 
ance at the first rumor of your danger; the 
assembly still refuse to help you, when you 
already hear the arrows and tomahawks whiz- 
zing through the air. 

A Voice. — If this does not shame them into 
compliance, we must take measures to quicken 



TANGO KU A. 199 

tlieir action. Wliat pretence, wliat quibble, 
what subterfuge, can they put forward now to 
excuse tbeir conduct ? 

Lynford. — The old Hunkses, who rule the 
assembly, are a queer set of fellows. Pro- 
fessing non-resistance, they are the most obsti- 
nate race of animals on earth ; teaching for- 
giveness of injuries, they are as tenacious of 
the smallest privilege as a courtier is of pre- 
cedence ; preaching obedience to the powers 
that be, they elevate the authority of their 
own consciences above all earthly powers. It 
must be admitted, too, that they have shown 
a singular degree of sl^ill, vigilance and dig- 
nity in the performance of their parts. Last 
night, for instance, being in. session at a late 
hour, and hearing of the proprietary dona- 
tion, they instantly amended their money bill, 
striking out the clause which the governor 
objected to — that which taxed the proprietary 
estate — in consideration of said donation. 
Thus, you perceive, they most dexterously 
responded to this act of generosity, in kind, 



200 T A N G R U A. 

and yet preserved untonched the principle for 
which they have been all along contending. 
[Laughter and cheers from the crowd.l 

1st Citizen. — Well done for the Broad- 
brims ! 

2d Citizen. — They take good care of our 
liberties; and we value liberty more than 
life. 

Several Voices. — Huzza for the Assembly! 
Three cheers for the Assembly. 

[Amid cheers and laughter the croivd disperse^ 

Lynford. — There go Yernon's dear friends, 
whom he hopes one day to call the sovereign 
people ! Sovereign weather-cocks ! They 
turn, and turn, as readily as if they were 
balanced on pivots. Aye, but it is curious 
how, like the magnetic needle, they always 
stop in their fluctuations where they begin. 
The ruling passion always turns their faces 
towards the same goal at last; and that gaol 

is — INDEPENDENCE. [Exit^] 



TANGOEUA. 201 



SECTION II. 

At same place.— The Council Chamber.— Present, the 
Governor and his Council. — Callender and other 
Quakers, members of the Assembly. 

. Lieut.- Governor. — It must be borne in mind, 
tliat the Society of Friends is responsible for 
the action of the assembly, since the majority 
of its members belong to that sect. How long 
do you expect then, gentlemen, to continue 
this contest ? Are you not sensible that your 
course is well nigh run ? Do you not per- 
ceive that both the submission of the people 
and the forbearance of his majesty are com- 
pletely exhausted? 

Callender. — For the manner in which we 
have acquitted ourselves of the high trust 
reposed in us, we are not ashamed to appeal 
to the records of this province from the begin- 
ning. As to the people, suffice it to say, that 
we have always held, and still hold, our seats 
by their free suffrage. As to the king, we 



202 TANGOEUA. 

have yet to learn that lie has ever complained 
of our loyalty ; and we confidently affirm that 
for promptness and liberality in contributing 
to his service, this province may safely chal- 
lenge comparison with any other province, 
royal or proprietary, within his dominions. 
Of the liberality of our last appropriation, 
the governor need not be reminded, for the 
ink is hardly yet dry upon it. 

Lieut. - Governor. — I shall not contend with 
you upon that subject now — though much 
might be said about reluctance and delay, 
and unwarrantable conditions. But what 
avails the mere appropriation of money? 
As well attempt to feed a starving multitude 
on gold, as to defend them from danger by a 
mere vote of supplies. Money alone cannot 
create an army ; there must be organiza- 
tion and discipline; and these can have no 
existence without martial law. 

Callender. — Our principles on this subject 
are well known to all the world, and our con- 
fidence in theiTL remains unshaken. Owing to 
a difference of opinion among the people of 



T A N G O R U A. 2(>8 

tMs province, and tliat we might avoid the 
imputation of churlishness or meanness, we 
have indeed at all times shown our readiness 
to contribute of our substance to the use of 
the King ; leaving the application of such 
contributions to his discretion. But for our- 
selves, we have ever relied for our safety on 
the principles referred to. To pass such laws 
as you desire, would be to acknowledge the 
necessity and lawfulness of war, and to gain- 
say the testimony which our people have 
uniformly borne from the beginning. "VYe 
apprehend the governor is too well ac- 
quainted with our tempers, to expect any 
such defection from our principles, on this or 
any other emergency. 

Lieut.- Governor. — I well know the folly of 
reasoning with men who elevate sentiment 
above judgment; otherwise, I might be in- 
clined to combat this infatuated prejudice 
against war, by reminding you that no age 
or people has ever been free from it; that 
the great events in history which most stir 
our blood and fire our emulation, are its 



204 TANGORUA. 

fruits; that by it, more tlian by all other 
agencies, energy is awakened, genius in- 
spired, and heroes nursed; in short, that 
without it, civilization would long ago have 
beconie a stagnant pool; whereas, the tem- 
pest of war is ever driving it in fertilizing 
streams throughout the earth. 

Callender, — The governor may rest assured 
that none of these things have escaped our 
observation. But whilst we know and de- 
plore the actual condition of the world, we 
know not what might have been its present 
condition under the reign of peace. We are 
apt to think, however, that most of the evils 
that afflict humanity may be traced, directly 
or indirectly, to war as their common source. 
Neither do we consider those events neces- 
sarily to have been blessings, which most 
impress the imaginations of men, seeing that 
earthquakes, famines, and pestilences, have a 
like effect. Nor yet can we worship . the 
heroes of the world as benefactors ; inasmuch 
as their power proves the weakness of all 
around them, and their greatness implies the 



T A N G R U A. 205 

inferiority of all others ; whilst, for the most 
part, they stand in their glory like those old 
pyramids of the Nile — monuments at once of 
pride and of oppression. 

Lieut.- Governor. — It is to me a thing in- 
comprehensible, that gentlemen of substance 
and respectability, like the majority of the 
assembly, should neglect the means neces- 
sary to secure themselves in their position. 
In its present unguarded state, the turbulent 
populace will encroach upon it, as certainly 
as the heaving waves do upon a sandy shore. 
The same course of policy that would give 
increased wealth and power to the proprie- 
taries, would secure your own precedence, 
and that of your descendants. 

Cullender. — So widely different are our 
views on this subject, that I almost despair of 
conveying to the governor a distinct idea of 
our position. It is well known to thee, how- 
ever, that we are not accustomed to pay 
homage to man, whatever his position or 
character ; and thou must therefore perceive 

the propriety of our not claiming it from 
1« 



206 TANGORUA. 

Others. Tliat our brother has been less for 
tunate than ourselves, we can understand 
may impose on ns the duty of helping him ; 
of trying to lift him up, redress his wrongs, 
enlighten his ignorance, and reform his vices ; 
but we see not how it can give us any right 
to oppress him, or use him for our conve- 
nience. Wherever we find a living soul, we 
recognise a dwelling place of the Divinity 
and the capability, under happier circum- 
stances, of all that man can do or be. To 
assume authority over him, because we are 
stronger than he, would be to take advantage 
of the wrongs he has already suffered, and 
perpetuate instead of repairing them. Domin- 
ion was given us over every beast of the field, 
but not over our fellow man, nor could we 
exercise such without usurpation. Thou wilt 
perceive, therefore, that we could have no 
object in pursuing the course which thou re- 
commendest for the establishment of our 
authority, since we have no such ends to 
accomplish. 

Lieiit.- Governor, — And yet I understand 



T A N G O R U A. 207 

not liow you can reconcile this hatred of op- 
pression with an unwillingness to defend 
yourselves, or those who are under your 
protection from being oppressed by others. 

Callender. — If our principles have any 
foundation in truth, consistency requires that 
we entrust our defence to another ; for as there 
is an Almighty power which superintends the 
government of the world, principles of reli- 
gion agreeable to His will, and purity of 
heart, (even as the world is at present cir- 
cumstanced) may hope for His protection ; for 
He can turn the hearts of men as He pleases, 
and for the sake of ten righteous persons 
would have spared even the cities of Sodom 
and Gomorrah. Besides we are well assured, 
that where his protection is wanting all our 
efforts would be fruitless; for except the 
Lord keep the city the watchmen waketh but 
in vain. 

Lieut.- Governor. — If I were to admit the 
soundness of your principles, I would yet be 
obliged to charge you with gross incon- 
sistency of conduct. Have you not your- 



208 TANGOKUA. 

selves in tlie capacity of jurymen, and judges, 
and civil magistrates condemned offenders 
against tlie laws to the loss of liberty and 
even life? But wliy do you punish the 
small offender against your property or your 
domestic peace? Is it that you may sur- 
render all to the first foreign enemy that 
invades your borders? Again you build, 
plant, sow, and send ships to sea, believing 
that these are necessary means for accom- 
plishing the ends desired. Wherefore, then 
since you hold it necessary for the husband- 
man to toil with diligence, the mariner to 
steer his ship, and the watchman to be wake- 
ful and vigilant, wherefore do you not also 
require the soldier to stand firmly at his 
post ? Why should you expect Providence 
to fight one kind of battle for you more than 
another ? 

Callender. — That man should earn his bread 
by the sweat of his brow, was the sentence 
passed on him by his Maker. To subdue and 
cultivate the earth was a task expressly 
assigned him; and therefore without the 



T A N G R U A. 209 

practice of industry he cannot expect to reap 
its fruits. But very different, as we appre- 
hend, is the case of strife between man and 
man, — this being not obedience to the Divine 
will, but rebellion against it. And hence 
under the government of an Almighty power, 
who superintends and disposes the smallest 
events, they who diligently perform the 
duties assigned them, and trust their safety 
to His guardianship, may we think not 
unreasonably hope for His special favor 
and protection against those who would 
drive them from their lawful tasks. What 
reason would thus teach us to look for, is 
amply established by experience. The Foun- 
der of Christianity employed no weapons 
for the establishment of his principles, and 
put none into the hands of his followers. 
And yet this system, which forbade the use 
of violence, — requiring even submission to 
injuries, and trusting all to an invisible pro- 
tector, — has contended with principalities 
and powers; and well-nigh conquered the 
world ; and its success has ever been greatest 



210 T A N G R U A. 

where the arm of flesh has least been relied on. 
Who, then, shall say that a community which 
shall place its absolute trust in these prin- 
ciples, will not be safe even in the midst of 
the most perverse generation ? Our own ex- 
perience under many adverse circumstances 
has been eminently encouraging; and our 
deepest regret now is, that we are about 
to lose the opportunity of affording on an 
ampler scale that demonstration which the 
world so much needs. 

Lieut.- OovernoT. — What am I to under- 
stand from all this, gentlemen ? What course 
do you intend taking ? 

Callender. — We have thought it proper to 
state distinctly that our principles remain 
unchanged ; that our confidence in them re- 
mains unshaken. We believe them to be a 
better safeguard to any community than walls 
with towers and battlements, or an army with 
banners. But a large part of this community 
think otherwise, and we accord to them the 
same liberty of opinion which we claim for 
ourselves. To pass a law for the arming of 



TANG OKU A. 211 

all citizens, would be to outrage tlie con- 
sciences of our own people; and to pass a 
law wliicli should except some and compel 
others, would obviously expose us to the 
charge of selfishness and favoritism. More- 
over, we dare not count upon the protection 
which we believe our principles would in 
themselves secure for the community, when. 
so many of our people live in open disbelief 
and violation of them. From all these con- 
siderations we have arrived at the conclusion, 
that the only consistent course left to us is to 
withdraw from the assembly, and leave those 
who are in favour of a different course, free to 
adopt such measures as they may suppose the 
present emergency requires. We have ac- 
cordingly just filed our resignations with the 
speaker, and we hope the governor will find 
our course satisfactory. 

LiexLt.- Governor. — I am glad to hear you 
speak thus, even at the eleventh hour ; for 
although you cannot make amends for the 
past, repentance is always a virtue even when 
the evil repented of is irreparable. 



212 TANG -^^^^4. 

Callender. — We he ..s orstood, tliat 

we feel neitlier remorse nor repentance for 
tlie past ; but are unwilling to be considered 
responsible for measures wbicb we cannot 
control. It is this motive which governs our 
conduct ; it is in this spirit that we take our 
leave of public life. 

[^Exeunt Callender and the other Quahers.'] 

Lieut,- Governor. — Let this be written down 
as a happy day in the annals of this province ! 
The weight that has so long pressed upon her 
is at last shaken off; the cords that bound her 
limbs are severed; her worst enemies are con- 
quered — ^those who have been nourished in 
her bosom. Prepare writs immediately, Mr. 
Secretary, for elections to fill these vacancies. 
The time is at hand, when it will be possible 
for us, even here, to act the parts of men. 

[Bxeimt.] 



TANGOKUA. 213 



-)• \. 1^ 



SECTION III. 

At same place. The Militai'y Head Quarters. Present, 
Vernon, Callender and Lynford. 

Gallender. — In tlie turn things have taken, 
it is most gratifying to Friends that the vol- 
unteers have chosen for their commander, 
one who does not love war for its own sake. 
We know thou wilt be careful of the rights 
of the people, and wilt seize the first occasion 
to restore peace. 

Vernon. — The expectation of Friends will 
not be disappointed. Between your opinions 
and mine there is little difference. We have 
stood shoulder to shoulder in defence of 
liberty. The only difference is, that when 
force is employed against us, you protest and 
suffer, whilst I repel force with force. I shall 
not dispute the soundness of your principles 
fairly tried ; but in the present state of things 
a different policy seems to be necessary. Be 
assured, however, that the ends we aim at 
are the same, and that I shall be much more 



214 TANGORUA. 

ready to slieatlie the sword than I am to 
draw it. 

Callender. — We blame you not for acting 
according to your convictions. Though we 
cannot join your standard, our prayers shall 
be offered up for you. — Eemember, remember 
the duties of humanity. — May victory attend 
your course, but above all, may the dove of 
peace soon perch upon your standard. 

[Exit Callender^ 

Vernon. [To Lynford^ — How do the pre- 
parations for the review progress? What 
sort of appearance are our soldiers going to 
make? 

Lynford. — There will be no want of num- 
bers — the muster rolls are filled up — all seem 
eager for the fray. But such looking fellows 
never were called soldiers before. Sueh 
garbs ! — such arms ! — and then the affected 
fierceness of their looks. But hark ! you may 
hear the noise of their march. The drum- 
mers are beating out of tune ; and each man 
steps in his own time and keeps his own 
distance. 



TANGOEUA. 215 

Vernon. — Never mind, we sliall soon bring 
tliem to order. But what do thej say at tlie 
governor's of my election to tlie command ? 

Lynford. — Of course they are vexed at it ; 
but they all agree that you are capable and 
will do your duty. Perhaps, too, if my 
modesty will allow me to say it, your selec- 
tion of an aid has done much to improve 
their opinion of your discretion. 

Vernon. — No doubt, no doubt ! And the 
people, certainly, will be much struck with 
my selection of one whose discretion, for- 
bearance, prudence, and all that are so no- 
torious. 

Ly7iford.—Yo\\ well know, general, that 
I make no pretensions to your cast of charac- 
ter — to your high principles — broad-views 
— far-reaching aims. But you know also 
that I understand what belongs to the charac- 
ter of a soldier. You, therefore, need fear no 
violation of etiquette — no breach of discipline 
— no forgetfulness of the laws of honor on 
my part. 

Vernon. — All this I knew, or I should not 



216 TANGORUA. 

have entrusted you witli so confidential a 
post. But go and see how matters are pro- 
gressmg. Let me know when they will be 
ready to receive us. \_Exit Lynford^ There is 
no better soldier in the province than this. He 
will do his duty, from that principle of honor, 
which, among military men, often supplies 
the want of other principles. He is my per- 
sonal friend too — he knows my dearest secrets 
— I may have occasion for his services beyond 
the military routine. As to these volunteers, 
courage and zeal will make amends for theiT 
absurd appearance. But what will be the 
end of all this. We shall quell these Indian 
troubles — and what then ? Our forces will be 
organized and disciplined — accustomed to act 
together, and acquainted with their strength. 
If so, these Indian troubles will prove a 
great blessing in the end. A greater danger 
threatens us, from another quarter. It is time 
we were getting ready to meet it. They who 
have been most anxious to see this arming 
begin, will perhaps find reason to change 
their views before they have seen the end 
of it. [ExU?i 



TANGORUA. 217 



SECTION ly. 

An Indian Village.— Present, 'Weerahoochwee and a 
numbex' of Indian Chiefs. 

1st Chief. — We have come to listen to 
the instructions of Weerahoochwee; for he 
is very wise ; wiser than the oldest men 
among ns. 

Weerahoochwee. — You have spoken well; 
there is a higher wisdom than that which 
comes from age. Experience is a great 
teacher, and grey hairs are to be venerated 
always ; but which of your old men ever yet 
saw or conversed with the higher powers, who 
govern all things. (5) Not one of them ! 
And yet these powers are every where 
around you. The sky, the air, the earth, the 
water, the forest, the field, the wigwam, is full 
of them. 

A Chorus of Voices. — Hush-sh-sh P 

* Husli-sli-sh, with the head sunk on the breast, and 
the hand over the mouth, is the usual expression of 
mystery or grief among the Indians. — See C'atlin. 
10 



218 TANGOKUA. 

Weerahoochwee. — They look down on you 
from tlie stars; they float over you in the 
clouds; they spring up at your feet in the 
blades of grass ; they hang about you in the 
leaves of the trees ; even now you can hear 
their rustling voices in all the forest. 

A Chorus of Voices, — Hush-sh-sh ! 

Weerahoochivee — When the tired hunter 
stops at a mountain spring to drink they are 
there ; and when he lies down to rest in the 
cool shade of a rock, they are there also^ 
They are in the blazing sun-beams, and in 
the hoary frost; in the awful brightness of 
lightning, and the noise of the thunder and 
tempest, and in the darkness and silence, still 
more awful. They were with our fathers 
from the beginning ; they will be with all the 
generations that come after us ; they are here 
with us at this moment, listening to our 
words, and observing our actions. 

A Chorus of Voices. — Hush-sh-sh. 

Weerahoochivee. — Let him who holds con- 
verse with these invisible spirits, and knows 
their secrets, be called wise ; and let him who 



TANGO KU A. 219 

can propitiate tlieir favor, and command their 
services, be called great and powerful. "Who 
is there among you whose voice is obeyed by 
the elements? 

1st Chief. — None but Weerahoochwee. 
When the sky had given no rain till the 
corn was all withered, and the streams were 
dried up, and the deer could find no pas- 
ture, he spoke, — and immediately the clouds 
gathered, the rain descended, and the earth 
regained its life and freshness. 

Weeralioochwee. — "Who is there among you 
whose charm can lead the game captive, and 
make them seek your weapons instead of 
flying from them. 

2d Chief. — None but Weerahoochwee ! 
Where he has cast his spells the deer and 
the elk have stood still to receive our ar- 
rows; bears and panthers have crouched at 
our feet, fawninoc like doo-s ; and fishes 
have thronged into our nets, rejoicing to be 
caught. 

WeeraJioochicee. — Which of your chiefs or 
old men can drive out the evil spirits that 



220 TANGORUA. 

torment the sick, or restore strength to the 
limbs that are palsied ? 

3d Chief. — Not one among us! But we 
have all witnessed the great deeds of Wee- 
rahoochwee; when pain has vanished away 
at his touch, and pestilence has been stayed 
at his command, and warriors have risen up 
before him, strong as ever, after their souls 
had commenced the long journey to the land 
of shades. 

Weeralioochivee. — Is not the man who can 
do such things more than a brave chief, an 
eloquent orator, or a grey-headed counsellor? 
Will you not believe in his advice ? Will 
you not trust to his power? 

A Chorus of Voices. — Jo-hah ! Jo-hah ! Jo- 
hah!^ 

Weerahoochwee. — Listen attentively then to 
my words, for I have a great thing to tell 
you. Let not fear enter your hearts; be 

* Jo-liali is a loud shout or cry, consisting of a few 
notes, pronounced in a Yery musical manner by all the 
Indians, It denotes approbation, and corresponds with 
our " Huzza."— /See Col. Rec. of Pa., Vol. IV., p. 701. 



TANGORUA. 221 

strong; be vigilant; look around you; act 
like men; wliat you do, do quickly, for tlie 
times are dangerous and will not admit of 
delay; do it effectually, and do it with all 
possible despatch. Thus it becomes brave 
warriors to act when dangers threaten and 
difficulties are to be overcome. 

A Chorus of Voices, — Jo-hah! Jo-hah! Jo- 
hah! 

Weerahoochivee. — I was sleeping in my cave 
at midnight, when the wild roaring of the 
falls waked me. I listened; the spirits of 
the waters were singing a song that filled my 
heart with fear and anguish. I went out and 
stood on the mountain top. The moon was 
round and bright, and a single cloud hung 
over the distant hills. It was of a strange 
and monstrous shape. I watched its chang- 
ing colors, and followed it as it moved along 
the sky; and the song of the water-spirits was 
confirmed. When morning came I looked 
upwards to see what messengers the spirits 
of the air were sending; and I saw hawks 
and eagles flying swiftly along, high above 



222 T A N G O R U A. 

the clouds. Again tlie song of the water- 
spirits was confirmed. I tried many arts, 
and wove many spells, and consulted many 
powers, and the same answer was returned 
by all. Shall I tell you the meaning of this 
sound? Will you believe it ? Are you pre- 
pared to follow its directions? 

A CJiorus of Voices. — Jo-hah ! Jo -hah! 
Jo-hah 1 

Weerakoochiuee. — Let no man hereafter be 
sure that the rock on which he stands will not 
the next moment crumble into dust. Tan- 
gorua is a traitor ! 

1st Chief. [After a long jpause']. — Why did 
not Weerahoochwee know of this before it 
happened ? Can he not look into the future 
as well as the past ? 

Weerahoochwee. — Weerahoochwee knows all 
that is to be known ; but the powers of good 
and the powers of evil are forever struggling 
for the mastery. The contest goes on in all 
their dwelling-places, but most of all in the 
hearts of men. How then could that be 
known which had not yet been determined. 



T A N G R U A. 223 

When Tangorua gave himself up to evil, it 
was immediately revealed to me. But the 
author of all this mischief is the white pow- 
wow — the Christian teacher, the great de- 
ceiver of Indians. 

1st Chief. — Is his power greater than "Wee- 
rahooch wee's ? 

WeeraJioochwee. — Have I not long baffled 
his arts and made them harmless ? But he 
has a daughter, whose skill is far greater. 
She has bound the heart of Weerahoochwee 
with spells, from which no power of men, nor 
of spirits can loose him. What shall be done 
with those who employ such arts for your de- 
struction ? 

Several Voices. — They shall be burned at 
the stake. 

WeeraJioochivee. — What shall be done with 
him who has surrendered himself to the 
power of a woman, and betrayed us all to win 
her favor ? 

Several Voices. — He shall die! We will 
put them all to the torture ! 

Weeralioocliwee. — Away, then ! Assemble 



224 TANGORUA. 

your warriors ! Before tlie sun sets let me 
see your prisoners ; and to-morrow their tor- 
ments shall appease the anger of the war-god. 
A Chorus of Voices. — Jo-hah ! Jo-hah ! 
Jo-hah ! 

[Exeunt^ 



T A N G O K U A. 225 



SECTION Y. 

Camp in the Indian Country.— "Vernon's Tent.— Present, 
Vernon and Lynford. 

Verno7i. — Well, thus far we have come 
without accident. The tedious part of our 
work is over. Hereafter, I trust, we shall find 
employment that will serve to keep our spirits 
from flagging. 

Lynford. — A successful march without 
doubt ; reflecting equal honor upon the per- 
severance of the troops and the foresight of 
the general. 

Vernoii. — Men who have acquitted them- 
selves so well, under circumstances so little 
interesting, will, I think, not fail us when the 
exhilaration of battle comes to inspire them. 

Lynford. — I hope it may prove so ; and that 
your excellency's expectations will not be 
disappointed. 

Version. — A want of precision in their 



226 TANGORUA. 

manoeuvres, and of uniformity in tlieir dress, 
are well supplied, I think, by their knowledge 
of the woods, and tlieir skill with the rifle ; 
for Indian fighting is more like squirrel hunt- 
ing, certainly, than like regular warfare in the 
open field. 

Lynford. — Yery true ! and your excellency 
does well to rest upon these, since the ordi- 
nary elements of military life are, as it were, 
in a measure wanting. 

Vernon. — Come, no more of this, Lynford. 
It sounds strange to hear you using terms of 
formality, and echoing another man's opinions. 
Besides, I am tired of ceremony. Let us lay 
aside our buckram manners, with our swords 
and sashes. Let us talk like men, and not 
like oficers. Let the general, the excellency, 
the aid-de-camp, vanish, and Lynford and 
Yernon only remain, — two old friends and 
familiar companions. 

Lynford. — You have issued no order since 
we left head-quarters, sir, that I have been 
more ready to obey than this. I like it not, 



TANGORUA. 227 

that my tongue sliould be mounted on stilts 
any more tllan my legs. 

Verno7i. — Well, your tongue being unbri- 
dled now may run wild as far and as fast as 
it pleases. Go on, tlien; make up for lost 
time; indulge freely after your long absti- 
nence. 

Lynforcl — ^You may well call it an absti- 
nence — a famine — a starvation, even. Why 
sir, I have been in danger of suffocation, lialf- 
a-dozen times a-day, for want of an oppor- 
tunity to laugh. And it is hard to tell 
whether the ofiicers, (always excepting the 
general) or the soldiers, were most dangerous 
in this respect ; for whilst the former were 
evidently scared at their own voices in giving 
commands, the latter were almost sure to 
turn in an opposite direction from that indi- 
cated. I was constantly reminded of the ma- 
noeuvres of a flock of sheep; for, as with 
their woolly prototypes, those behind showed 
a wonderful proclivity to imitate the absurd 
movements of those in front ; and I am afraid 
you will find in the hour of danger, that they 



228 TANGORUA. 

possess, like them, a great but exclusive con- 
fidence in their legs. 

Vernon. — Thus far, at least, we cannot com- 
plain of the use they have made of their legs, 
for they, have come along cheerfully and 
quickly. 

Lynford. — Several times when deer hap- 
pened to run by, squads broke incontinently 
from the ranks, and gave chase ; and the pop- 
ping of rifles at squirrels and other small 
game might be heard all day long. 

Vernon. — And I will venture to say they 
seldom missed their mark. 

Lynford. — They cheerfully obey all com- 
mands that they consider reasonable ; and to 
enable them to judge, they always make free 
to ask the reason why. When difficulties 
occurred, the mode of dealing with them was 
determined by the voice of the majority ; and 
if you find one of these mornings, that the 
same authority has determined in favor of 
marching eastward, you will find your repub- 
licanism put to a new test. 



T A N G R U A. 229 

Veymon. — I see you cannot compreliend tlie 
idea of a republican soldiery. 

Lynford. — No, sir; and never expect to. 
The soldier has no business with an intellect 
at all. His fitness for his duties may be mea- 
sured by the inverse ratio of his humanity; 
for, says the adage, the worse the man the 
better the soldier. If he has any will, it must 
be broken doAvn ; if he has any opinions, he 
must be required to give them up. He has 
no more need to think for himself than the 
powder he uses; it is the business of both 
whenever the match is applied to go off. Such 
elements joined together into a battalion 
make up a formidable monster. When set 
in motion, you can tell before hand precisely 
what it will do; just as you can anticipate 
the behavior of any other beast, when you 
once know the species. 

Yernon. — If you limit your description to 

the mercenary soldier, I will not dispute 

with you. His best model will perhaps be 

found in a wild beast, just enough subdued 

to fear and obey the rod of his keeper. But 
20 



230 TANGORUA. 

you must not apply this to freemen contend- 
ing for their rights and liberties. They are 
not to be treated as souless brutes, nor used 
as unreasoning machines. The cause they 
fight in is their own ; and the devotion arising 
from this consciousness, compensates a thou- 
sand times for the want of servility. — But, 
Lynford, I am going to entrust you with an 
important and delicate duty. Zangenberg 
and his daughter cannot be safe in the midst 
of these disturbances. It is necessary to get 
them under our protection before we proceed 
farther. You will therefore select a suitable 
corps, in the morning, proceed to the Mission 
and bring them in. Yery likely they will 
object to coming ; they will say there is no 
danger; will refuse to leave their field of 
labor. But whilst you treat them with all 
possible delicacy — obey their directions and 
gratify their wishes in all else — see that you 
accomplish your main purpose; in any case, 
and at all events, bring them with you. 

Lynford. — Good ! I like to hear words that 
march straight up to a conclusion. These 



TANGORUA. 231 

are the most martial sounds I have heard 
during all this famous campaign. The com- 
mission suits my taste exactly. I have a 
natural propensity to act the part of a knight 
errant. I am confident that I was born to 
achieve some great adventure. From my 
boyhood I have sighed for an opportunity to 
peril my life in the defence or rescue of some 
distressed damsel. Aye, sir, I am transported 
back to the days of chivalry. Why not ? It 
is but turning the hands of the clock back 
some half dozen centuries ; imagining this the 
land of Palestine, our red skined foes the 
Saracens, and ourselves Louises, Kichards, 
and Baldwins — and behold ! all the romance 
and glory of the Crusades are ours. But here 
comes one of our scouts ; no doubt he brings 
news of the enemy. 

[Enter a soldier^ 
Soldier. — I come to inform you that the 
Indians have attacked the Mission and carried 
off all the whites. By the advice of Wee- 
rahoochwee, the powow prophet or magician, 
they have also seized Tangorua, whom they 



232 TANGORUA. 

suspect of treachery ; and it is their purpose, 
as a friendly Indian informed us, to offer him 
"up together with the old missionary and his 
daughter, as- a sacrifice to the god of war. 

Vernon. [To Li/nford.'] — This makes the 
affair critical. Select your men immediately? 
and make haste ; you may yet be in time to 
prevent the consummation of their horrid pur- 
pose. 

Lynford. — All that activity and zeal can 
do shall be done. Two of them at least I 
hope to bring with me ; as to Tangorua, if I 
should be too late to save him, why then he 
cannot be saved, that's all. 

Yernon. — Understand me, sir ; your orders 
are imperative, to rescue all if possible — the 
Indian chief no less than the others. 

Lynford. — Your orders shall be obeyed, 
general, to the letter. [Exit^ 

Vernon. — Strange complication of events ! 
That the duty of saving this man from the 
torture, should fall upon me. But never shall 
my private griefs interfere with the discharge 
of my public duties. This man may become 



TANGORUA. 233 

the medium of restoring peace and friendship. 
But all considerations of duty aside, how 
would it become me to treat him as a rival, 
and to use my station to overreach him? 
What would self-respect, what would pride, 
what would vanity even, say to such a pro- 
ceeding ? [Uxit.'] 



20^ 



234 TANGORUA. 



SECTION YL 

At same place.— Vernon sitting in his tent.— Enter 
Lynford. 

Lynford. [Throiuing doioii his sword.l — Lie 
there, tliou gilded mockery ! O for a butcher- 
knife, a meat-axe, a red-hot poker — any 
devilish emblem of cruelty — that I might 
honestly decorate myself according to the 
character I represent ! 

Vei'non. — Pray, sir, and what character is 
that? 

Lynford. — The character of a soldier, 
general. My eyes have been most marvel- 
lously opened. I now see that the divinity I 
have so long worshipped, under the names of 
honor, glory, chivalry, victory, is an unmiti- 
gated hypocrite. I have at last seen the 
genius of war in his native shape — unso- 
phisticated, unadorned — and a monster of 
hell I have found him. 

Vernon. — Will you be good enough to 



TAX G OKU A. 235 

bring down your discourse to the level of a 
plain man's understanding ? 

Lynford. — What mean the gay uniforms, 
the silken banners, the unruffled plumes of 
civilized warfare? Why do we polish our 
weapons, as if their only business was to 
reflect the sunbeams, and accompany our 
marches with music, which awakens the 
spirit of dance and revelry? Why do we 
surround ourselves with all the appliances of 
taste, of vanity, and of sentiment? Why 
seek all that is exhilarating in sight, or 
sound, or motion? It is that we may de- 
ceive ourselves, and disguise the real horrors 
of our trade. All this pomp and splendor is 
a gilded lie ; we know it, and are content to 
strut the stage of life, deceivers of ourselves 
and others. I tell you, I have seen war 
stripped of its spurious trappings and accom- 
paniments, and it is a revel of furies; a 
manufactory of woes and torments ; a school 
of instruction for demons; and the sooner the 
bottomless pit yawns and engulfs the last of 
its votaries, the better. 



236 TANGORUA. 

Vernon. — What means all this ? Have you 
not been successful ? Just as I was starting 
to your assistance, I learned tliat tlie captives 
were already rescued. Have you not brought 
them free and safe? 

Lynford. — Free and safe they are ; and, ex- 
cept Tangorua, unharmed. But with his 
name are henceforth associated horrors that 
will haunt my dreams through life. Part I 
saw; from eye-witnesses I learned the rest; 
and the tale runs thus : As if in mock^y of 
all our notions of gentleness and mercy, the 
chief actors in this scene were women. A 
band of them, armed with fat pine knots, 
escorted Tangorua to the place of execution, 
beating and prodding him most barbarously, 
amid jeers and laughter at every step. Ar- 
rived at the accursed spot, a grape-vine was 
fastened, one end to his neck and the other 
high up to the limb of a tree, allowing him a 
course of ten or fifteen yards round. At a 
given signal, a pile of combustibles at the 
foot of the tree was fired, and the women 
lighted their pine torches. Scorched by the 



TANGORUA. 237 

fire, the unhappy victim rushed out to the 
full length of his grape-vine, to be met there 
by a score of blazing fires in the hands of his 
executioners. With the fury of a wild beast, 
with champing teeth and flaming eye-balls, 
he now courses round the circle, enacting 
every part that the highest courage, the most 
raging fury, and the blackest despair can 
prompt. Thus is he driven back and forth, 
again and again, whilst unspeakable pleasure 
fills the exulting crowd of spectators. 

Vernon. — Happily the powers of nature 
conld not long sustain such treatment. 

Lynford.—Aj^ Tangorua soon sank ex- 
hausted; but his fell tormentors were not 
thus to be baffled of their sport. Cold water 
was now poured over him; he was rubbed 
and soothed, and nnrsed into new life; and 
when suf&ciently restored, compelled to run 
the same course over. Twice had he been 
thus restored, and still the infernal rites went 
on, when we arrived, and dashed into the 
circle. 



238 TANGORUA. 

Vernon. — And what of the other captives, 
meanwhile ? 

Lynford. — The old missionary and his 
daughter were bound close by, awaiting their 
turn, no doubt, at the stake. We found them 
unharmed by external violence, but greatly 
shocked by the dreadful scene they had been 
compelled to witness. The instigator of all 
these mischiefs, Weerahoochwee the prophet 
was slain in the skirmish that ensued. 
Placing Tangorua on a litter, we have brought 
him forward alive, though miserably scorched 
and mangled. But hark ! they are coming ; 
you shall soon see all for yourself. 

Vernon. — Let Tangorua be brought in here ; 
and direct the surgeon to come immediately. 
See also that .the others are conducted to the 
tent prepared for them. \^Exit Lynford.'] 

[Soldiers bring in the litter with Tangorua. 
Enter surgeon and others following^] 
Gently, my friends ; lay him on this softest 
bed of skins ; and let all possible means be 
used for his restoration. 

Surgeon. [After feeling his jndse and ex- 



T A N G R U A. 239 

amining his luounds.] — There is still life here, 
but the last embers are almost consumed. 
We may re-produce a transient flash, but to 
restore the flame permanently is out of the 
question ; there is no fuel left to support it. 

Vernon. — Apply whatever means your skill 
suggests for his revival. Possibly nature may 
yet rally, for he was a man of extraordinary 
vigor. 

Surgeon. [^Administering a cordial.'] — See! 
he opens his eyes and begins to breathe more 
freely. Whatever you have to say to him, 
say it quickly, for this little blaze will soon 
end in darkness. 

Verizon. — Tangorua, my brother, be of good 

cheer! You are here safe among friends. 

We will dress your wounds and soon restore 

^you to full life, and you shall live in safety 

and honor among our people. 

Tangorua. [Gazing ivild around.]—! had 
passed through all the red man could inflict, 
and bore it as became a great chief. But 
he is ignorant and clumsy, and knows only 
to burn, to bruise, and to mangle ; the white 



24:0 TANGORUA. 

man is wise and skilful, and his deepest 
studies have been employed in devising 
sharper instruments of torture. He knows 
how to follow the spirit of life into its most 
delicate lurking places, and to extract the last 
thrill of anguish. Make haste then ; bring on 
your screws, and wheels, and vices, and see 
how a brave warrior can laugh at them. 
Why do you delay? have I not insulted 
your chiefs, broken up your councils, con- 
spired to destroy all your race? All but 
ONE, — and she, — Ay, for her I would have 
spared all the rest. But come on — make 
haste — the ghost of my father beckons me to 
the land of shades. Quick, then, or your 
delay will rob my death of half its glory. 

Vernon. — My poor friend, you mistake 
alike our characters and our purpose. We 
have here, indeed, many preparations for heal- 
ing wounds and for soothing pain, but no 
implements of torture. 

Tangorua, — 0, why then did you not leave 
me in the hands of my own people? An 
evil spirit had taken possession of me, and it 



TANGORUA. 241 

was necessary to drive him out with fire. 
Then had the honor of my name been re- 
stored on earth, and my spirit made fit to 
enter the celestial hunting grounds. 

Vernon. — Surely you have learned a better 
lesson than this from your Christian teachers ; 
how one great sacrifice was made for all man- 
kind; and how the Divine Master requires 
not offerings from his children, but faith and 
obedience. 

Tangorua. — The memory of these things 
comes over my soul like a dream of para- 
dise ; I was told of Him, the Great Spirit who 
walked the earth in the form of a man; I 
believed in Him, and vowed to serve Him all 
my days. But I broke my vow and deserted 
His cause. How then could He receive me 
as one of His disciples ? Would He not 
rather frown darkly upon me as a renegade ? 

Vernon. — Were you not also told, my un- 
happy friend, that the Great Shepherd is ever 
seeking His lost sheep, and receives back with 
joy wanderers from His fold. 

Tangorua. — Wanderers! yes I have been 
21 



242 TANGORUA. 

wandering np and down all my days, and 
have found no rest; for great tMngs have 
perplexed me. I loved the white man, and 
would gladly have lived at peace with him ; 
but when I came to believe that his prosperity 
would cause the destruction of my own peo- 
ple, how could I hesitate between them? 
I loved the teachings of my Christian fathers ; 
but the faith and traditions of my ancestors, 
had grown up with me from childhood, and 
I could not shake them off. I loved her, 
too, though of a different race ; but I knew 
that my love would destroy her. So have I 
seen a cloud driven to and fro by contending 
winds; beaten into strange shapes, twisted 
and torn with violence ; and at last scattered 
in fragments through the air. Ah! had I 
but remained when a youth, in my father's 
wigwam ; or had I been born a white man ; 
had I known but one religious creed from the 
beginning ; had I loved among the daughters 
of my own people ; how calmly then might 
my spirit have floated down the stream of life, 
until in the far distance it had vanished, 



TANGORUA. 243 

brightly and gloriously, into tlie land of 
shades. But my people, my people will also 
be bewildered — will lose themselves — will 
perish in attempting to follow the strange 
lights that are everywhere gleaming around 
them. All now is darkness ; but visions — a 
confused procession — are passing before me. 
Civilization — the wild life of the wilderness — 
Great Spirit of the red man — God of the 
white man — Eedeemer, Saviour — whither 
shall I turn ? where can my troubled thoughts 
find — [Dies,] 

Surgeon. — He is gone I his troubled thoughts 
are at rest from all the labors, good or evil, of 
this world. 

VerTwn. — And his Maker alone shall judge 
him. A noble spirit, he seemed, led astray 
by conflicting views of duty; whose worst 
errors flowed from a virtuous fountain. Had 
he lived to attain clearer views, and more 
settled principles, he might have been the 
luminary of his people, to lead them to a 
happier destiny. Such another, I fear, is not 
left behind him. 



244 TANGORUA. 

\_A7iother ;part of the encampment. A tent 
opens ^ disclosing within Zang enter g ^reclining on 
a bedj Miriam,^ and others^ 

Zangenherg. — Happy he wlio is permitted to 
leave tlie stage of life when his part is finished ! 
and thus mercifully is the great Disposer about 
to deal with me. But 0, my child ! my heart 
is very heavy for thee. How can I leave 
thee without a protector in this wilderness, 
which the cruel passions of men have now 
made more fearful than a den of wild beasts ? 

Miriam. — Be composed, dear father! — you 
need rest. A little sleep will chase away these 
gloomy shadows. And be not troubled on 
my account ; we are in the hands of those who 
will take good care of us. The commander 
of these forces is Yernon, your former pupil. 

Zangenherg. — The Lord be praised for all 
his goodness: in wrath he has remembered 
mercy. The only thorn is removed from my 
dying pillow, and I shall now depart in peace. 
The son of my early friend, Vernon, grew up 
as a goodly plant under my care; and his 
manhood, I have heard, has fully realized the 



TANaORUA. 245 

rich promise of his youth. With entire con- 
fidence I entrust him with the charge of 
placing you in safety among your friends. 
But tell me what became of Tangorua. When 
I last saw him, the dreadful spectacle so 
blasted and blinded my eyes that they long 
refused to perform their office. Was he also 
rescued?— or did he perish among his tor- 
mentors ? 

Miriam. — He was rescued and brought here 
with us, and is now in a tent close by. But 
here comes Yernon ; he can tell you of his 
present condition. [Enter Vernon^ 

Yernon. — I am rejoiced, my friends, that 
our efforts in your behalf have not been in 
vain. What can we do to make you more 
comfortable ? 

Zangenherg. — Many thanks for your care 
and kindness, my dear sir, but we have all 
the comforts our situation admits of. But how 
is it with Tangorua ? Have they ruined him ? 
or is it possible yet to restore him ? 

Vernon. — Tangorua's sufferings are over; 

he is gone, let us hope, where the wicked 
21^ 



246 TANGORUA. 

cease from troubling and tlie weary are at 
rest. The soldiers are now digging his grave 
and preparing to give him a decent burial. 
But I have come, my friends, to say, that as 
soon as you have refreshed yourselves, and 
regained strength enough, an escort will be 
ready to conduct you eastward. 

Zangenherg. — ^Most gratefully, my young 
friend and beloved pupil, do I accept your 
kind offer in behalf of my dear child. To 
your care I commit her ; and may God deal 
with you according to the kindness you shall 
show her. Bat for me, let them dig my grave 
beside Tangorua's. Here my labors end, and 
here my bones shall repose. Had the great 
work still prospered, I might have endured 
the storms of some winters, and the toils of 
many seasons yet. But now all my plans are 
thwarted; the fruit of my labors is utterly 
destroyed ; my hopes have perished ; my 
heart is broken ; and I feel that God, in his 
mercy, is about to permit me to lay down a 
life which henceforth could only be a grievous 
and a useless burden. 



TANGOEUA. 247 

Vernon. — I praj you, sir, sliake off these 
gloomy thouglits. Peace will soon be re- 
stored, and you will then be able to resume, 
and I trust long to pursue, your labors of 
love. 

Zangenherg. — Nay, I have long been enter- 
tained with idle projects and delusive dreams, 
but all that is passed forever. Too presump- 
tuously, perhaps, have I trusted to my own 
wisdom in this pursu.it ; and it may be that I 
have meditated the use of means which 
Heaven could not approve. But vain and 
impotent are man's utmost efforts to disturb 
the all-pervading government of the Supreme 
Euler. What then ? Have my labors been 
wholly useless ? God forbid ! He who can 
compel even the wrath of man to praise him, 
can also, and much rather, overrule for good 
the well-meant errors of his followers. And 
whilst he thus accomplishes the ends we 
aimed at, but knew not how to attain, may 
we not hope that our integrity of purpose 
will be allowed to redeem our want of wis- 
dom, and that the reward promised to faithful 



248 TANGORUA. 

servants will not be withheld, all erroneous 
thougli our efforts may have been ? 

Vernon. — At least, sir, the seed you have 
sown will, without doubt, produce abundant 
fruits, though you may not live to gather in 
all the harvest. 

Zangenberg. — Ah! would to God I could 
think so! Long have I struggled against 
the conviction, but at last I must own that 
I have found the red man's nature fixed and 
unchangeable. It were, I fear, almost as 
easy to mould into new forms the rocks and 
hills among which he dwells. Meanwhile, 
changes have begun around him which can- 
not be stayed. This wilderness will disap- 
pear; and cities, gardens, cultivated fields, 
will rise in its stead ; and the hum of civili- 
zation will fill the land. Will the red man 
be able to conform himself to this new order 
of things ? "Will he bear transplanting from 
his native forests ? — ^But I feel that the tide 
of life is fast ebbing away. Miriam, my 
daughter, my best beloved, come near, that I 
may once more bless you, and commit you 



TANGOKUA. 249 

finally to your Heavenly Father's holy keep- 
ing ! And now, my child, let yonr voice be 
the last earthly sound that reaches my ear. 
Sing to me such words as are fit to shape the 
dying thoughts of a Christian. 
Miriam. [Sings?^ — 

¥: % % ^ ^ ^ 

Vernon. — Most fitly does such a death 
crown a life like his! Wafted on the pin- 
ions of sacred song, his spirit has returned 
to God who gave it. 

[Miriam^ perceiving that he is dead^ falls upon 
his neck, weeping.'] 



THE END. 



NOTES, 



(1-) 



" Knives, Tomahawks and Jewsharps," &c. 

In dealing witL. the Indians, tlie character 
of the goods was of course adapted to the 
demands of the market. They received such 
articles as their tastes and habits led them to 
prefer ; and it would have been absurd to 
have forced on them better things, which 
they could not appreciate. Yet who can 
remember, without a feeling of sadness, that 
it was for considerations like the folio win o: 



252 



NOTE I. 



tliat whole nations sold tlie homes of their 
fathers ? 



Gunpowder, 
Bed-lace, 
Assorted Eings 
Yermillion, 
Morris Bells, 
Scarlet Garters, 
Bar Lead, 

Guns, Tobacco-pipes, &c., 
Striped Duffield Blankets, 
Jewsharps. 



Tobacco-tongs, 
Eum, 

Euffled Shirts, 
Trimmed Coats, 
Laced Hats, 
Scissors, 
Combs, " 
Jointed Babies, 
Looking Glasses, 



The Colonial Eecords of Pennsylvania 
contain innumerable acconnts of such lists of 
goods being paid to the Indians for lands, or 
presented to them as peace-offerings. 



(2.) 



PART FIRST, SECTION FOURTH, PAGE FORTY- 
EIGHT. 

" I shall go to Lancaster therefore, though, most 
reluctantly," &c. 

In the first days of the Province, the In- 
dians were accustomed to come to Philadel- 
phia, when consultations were to be held; 
but after a time they began to insist under 
various pretexts, that the white chiefs should 
go part of the way to meet them. This was 
sometimes done with great reluctance. Gov- 
ernor Denny, for instance, when urged on 
one occasion by his Council and the Assem- 
bly, to go on such an expedition to Easton, 
expressed great dissatisfaction at the journey, 
and " thought it ridiculous to humor the 

Indians in such a manner, and that no treaty 

22 



254 NOTE II. 

slionld be held with them out of the city; 
however, since it was deemed necessary, he 
would, though unwillingly, undertake the 
journey." 

Conferences were accordingly held from 
time to time at Lancaster, Easton, Eeading, 
Harris' Ferry, (now Harrisburg,) &c. The 
proceedings on these occasions are recorded 
at length in the Colonial Eecords, and con- 
tain many fine specimens of Indian eloquence. 
At the treaty held at Lancaster in 1744, by 
the Governor of Pennsylvania, and Commis- 
sioners for the Province of Virginia and 
Maryland, with the Six Nations, there was 
much speaking on both sides ; and the efforts 
of the Lidians certainly will not suffer by 
comparison with those of their white breth- 
ren in any respect whatever. The reader 
may not be displeased to see a specimen or 
two. 

The Virginia Commissioners one day 



NOTE II. 255 

reminded the Indians that the great King 
held Virginia by right of conquest ; and 
reproved them sharply for their conduct 
towards the CataAvbas. This was replied to 
on the following day by Grachadaw ; who in 
the course of a speech delivered, as the 
reporter says, "with a strong voice and 
proper action," touched on these points as 
follows : 

" Brother Assaraquoa : — 

'' The world at the first was made on the 
other side of the great water difierent from 
what it is on this side, as may be known 
from the different color of our skin and of 
our flesh, and that which you call Justice 
may not be so amongst us. You have your 
laws and customs, and so have we. The 
great King might send you over to conquer 
the Indians, but it looks to us that God did 
not approve of it ; if he had, he would not 



256 NOTE II. 

have placed the sea where it is, as the limits 
between us and you." 

" Brother Assaraquoa : 

" Though great things are well remem- 
bered among us, yet we don't remember that 
we were ever conquered by the great King, 
or that we have been employed by that 
great King to conquer others. If it was so, 
it is beyond our memory. "We do remember 
we were employed by Maryland to conquer 
the Conestogos, and that the second time we 
were at war with them, we carried them all 
off." 

* * -jf * 

" "We have confirmed the peace with the 
Cherokees, but not with the Catawbas. 
They have been treacherous, and know it, 
so that the war must continue till one of us 
is destroyed. This we think proper to tell 
you, that you may not be troubled at what 
we do to the Catawbas." 



NOTE II. 257 

But tlie great orator of this occasion was 
the famous Onondago Chief, Cannassatego. 
His speeches are especially remarkable for 
clear statement and exact method. His re- 
plies take up the various topics of a long 
speech, with as much formality as a diplo- 
matic despatch. They abound, also, in bold 
imagery and sagacious reflections. At the 
close of the treaty, he made a farewell speech, 
ending with these remarks, on a subject 
Avhich has, in recent times, exercised the 
powers of most of our orators, great and 
small. Perhaps it will be agreed, that none 
of them have spoken more to the purpose 
than their red predecessor. 

" We have one thing further to say, and 
that is, we heartily recommend union and a 
good agreement between you and your 
brethren. Never disagree; but preserve a 
strict friendship for one another ; and thereby 

you as well as Ave will become the stronger. 
22^ 



258 NOTE II. 

"Our wise forefathers established union 
and amity between the Five Nations; this 
has made us formidable; this has given us 
great weight and authority with our neigh- 
boring nations. 

" We are a powerful confederacy ; and by 
your observing the same methods our wise 
forefathers have taken, you will acquire fresh 
strength and power ; therefore, whatever be- 
fals you, never fall out with one another." 

In 1752, a dispute arose between the 
Delawares and the Proprietaries, respecting 
certain lands in the forks of the Delaware. 
A large delegation from the Six Nations, 
with Cannassatego at their head, having 
come to Philadelphia, this matter was taken 
into consideration. It is well known that 
the Six Nations claimed absolute dominion 
over the Delawares, whom they had formerly 
conquered. All the parties being assembled 
in council, Cannassatego first addressed the 



NOTE II. 259 

governor, stating tliat the chiefs of the Six 
Nations had carefully examined the question, 
and "perused all the papers," and that they 
saw with their own eyes that the Dela wares 
were a very unruly people, and were alto- 
gether in the wrong. 

Then turning to the Delawares present, 
holding a belt of wampum in his hand, he 
rebuked them in the following imperious 
language : — 

" Cousins, — 

" Let this belt of wampum serve to chas- 
tise you ; you ought to be taken by the hair 
of the head and sliahed severely till you re- 
cover your senses and become sober ; you 
don't know what ground you stand on, nor 
what you are doing. Our brother Onas' case 
is very just and plain, and his intentions to 
preserve friendship ; on the other hand, your 
cause is bad, your heart far from being up- 



260 NOTE II. 

right, and you are maliciously bent to bpeak 
the chain of friendship with our brother Onas- 
We have seen with our eyes a deed signed 
by nine of your ancestors, above fifty years 
ago, for this very land, and a release, signed 
not many years since by some of yourselves 
and chiefs now living, to the number of 
fifteen or upwards But how came you to 
take upon you to sell land at all? We con- 
quered you, we made women of you; you 
know you are women, and can no more sell 
land than women. Nor is it fit you should 
have the power of selling lands, since you 
would abuse it. This land that you claim 
is gone through your guts. You have 
been furnished with clothes, and meat and 
drink, by the goods paid you for it, and 
noAV you want it again, like children, as 
you are. But what makes joii sell land in 
the dark? Did you ever tell us that you 
had sold this land ? Did we ever receive 



NOTE 11. 261 

any part, even the value of a pipe sliank, 
from you for it ? You have told us a blind 
story, that you sent a messenger to us to 
inform us of the sale; but he never came 
among us, nor we never heard any thing 
about it. This is acting in the dark, and 
very different from the conduct our Six. 
Nations observe in their sales of land. On 
such occasions they give public notice and 
invite all the Indians of their united nations, 
and give them a share of the present they 
receive for their lands. This is the behavior 
of the wise united nations ; but we find you 
are none of out blood. You act a dishonest 
part not only in this but in other matters. 
Your ears are ever open to slanderous re- 
ports about our brethren. 

•X- « 4f -s?- « ^ * 

And for all these reasons we charge you to 
remove instantly. "We don't give you the 
liberty to think about it. You are women ; 



262 NOTE II. 

take tlie advice of a wise man and remove 
immediately. You may return to tlie otlier 
side of the Delaware where you came from, 
but we don't know whether, considering how 
you have demeaned yourselves, you will be 
permitted to live there, or whether you have 
not swallowed that laud down your throats as 
well as the land on this side. "We, therefore, 
assign you two places to go — either to Wyo- 
ming or Shamokin. You may go to either 
of these places and then we shall have you 
more under our eye, and shall see how you 
behave. Don't deliberate, but remove away 
and take this belt of wampum. 

" After our just reproof and absolute order 
to depart from the land, you are now to take 
notice of what we have further to say to you. 
This string of wampum serves to forbid you, 
your children and grand-children, to the 
latest posterity, from ever meddling in land 
affairs ; neither you, nor any who shall des- 



NOTE II. 263 

cend from you, are ever licreafter to presume 
to sell any land; for wliicli purpose you are 
to preserve this string, in memory of what 
your uncles have this day given you in 
charge. We have some other business to 
transact with our brethren ; therefore, depart 
the Council, and consider what has been said 
to you." 

Does not this remind the reader of Lord 
Chatham ? 

But Cannessatego was not only a statesman 
and an orator, but a humorist as well. The 
Six Nations were much courted by the 
French, and hence every means was used 
to keep them steady to the English interest. 
In this spirit Governor Thomas, at the Lan- 
caster treaty, before mentioned, informed the 
Indians, with much ostentation, that the Eng- 
lish had just gained two great victories over 
the French, one on land and one at sea. 
Cannessatego, after replying to other parts of 



264 NOTE II. 

the governor's speecli, turned this point to 
account thns : — 

" Yon tell us you beat the French ; if so, 
yon must have taken a great deal of rum 
from them, and can the better spare us some 
of that liquor, to make us rejoice with you 
in the victory." 

The gxDvernor and commissioners there- 
upon ordered a dram of rum to be given to 
each in a small glass, calling it a French glass. 
But on the following day, when they were 
about to separate, Cannessatego said : — " We 
mentioned to you yesterday the booty you 
had taken from the French, and asked you 
for some of the rum which we supposed to 
be part of it, and you gave ns some, but it 
turned out u.nfortunately that you gave us it 
in French glasses; we desire now you will 
give us some in .English glasses." 

To which the governor made answer: — 
" We are glad to hear you have such a dis- 



NOTE II. 265 

like for what is French. They cheat you in 
yonr ghasses as well as in every thing else." 
Then, after remarking that his supply of rum 
was nearly exhausted, he added : — " But not- 
withstanding this, we have enough left to 
fill our English glasses, and will show the 
difference between the narrowness of the 
French and the generosity of the English 
toward you." 

The Indians then gave in their order five 
Jo-hah's, says the Kecord, and the Honorable 
governor and commissioners calling for some 
rum and some middle-sized wine-glasses, 
drank health to the great King of England 
and the Six Nations, and put an end to the 
treaty by three loud huzzas, in which all 
the company joined. — See Colonial Records of 
Pa., Yol. lY., p. 698, &c. 



23 



(3.) 



THEEE. 
" The first hostile incursions," &c. 

In December, 1755, the Secretary read 
before the Council a narrative of the incur- 
sions and ravages made by the French and 
Indians within the Province of Pennsylvania 
up to that time. After detailing various 
acts of depredation and murder, he concludes 
as follows : 

" This is a brief account of the progress 
of these savages since the eighteenth day of 
October last, on ivliich day was committed the 
first inroad ever "made hy the Indians upon this 
Province since its first settlement^ and in con- 



NOTE III. 267 

sequence hereof all our frontier country, 
which extends from the Eiver Potomac to 
the Eiver Delaware, not less than one hun- 
dred and fifty miles in length, and between 
twenty and thirty in breadth, but not fully 
settled, has been entirely deserted, the honses 
and improvements reduced to ashes, the 
cattle, horses, grain, goods and effects of the 
inhabitants either destroyed, burned or car- 
ried off- by the Indians. Whilst the poor 
planters, with their wives, children and ser- 
vants, who could get away, being without 
arms or any kind of defence, have been 
obliged, in this severe season of the year, to 
abandon their habitations naked, and with- 
out any support, and throw themselves on 
the charity of the other inhabitants within 
the interior parts of the Province, npon 
whom they are a very heavy burthen. 

"Such shocking descriptions are given 
by those who have escaped, of the horrid 



268 NOTE III. 

cruelties and indecencies committed by these 
merciless savages on the bodies of the un- 
happy wretches who fell into their barbarous 
hands, without regard to sex or age, as far 
exceeds those related of the most abandoned 
pirates, which has occasioned a general con- 
sternation, and has struck so great a panic 
and damp upon the spirits of the people, 
that hitherto they have not been able to 
make any considerable resistance or stand 
against the Indians. 

" All our accounts agree in this, that the 
French, since the defeat of General Braddock, 
have gained over to their interest the Dela- 
wares, Shawanese, and many other Indian 
nations formerly in our alliance; and on 
whom, through fear, and their large promises 
of rewards for scalps, and assurances of 
reinstating them in the possession of the 
lands they have sold to the English, they 
have prevailed to take up arms against us, 



NOTE III. 269 

and to join heartily with them in the execu- 
tion of the grand scheme they have been 
long meditating of obtaining — the possession 
of all the country between the river Ohio 
and the river Susquehanna," &c. 

The strong assertion of Bancroft, that "not 
one drop of Quaker blood was ever shed by 
an Indian," will of course be received in a 
general sense only; unless statements like 
the following should incline the reader to 
construe it more literally. 

" It appears that the Quakers, who never 
used weapons of war like other people, but 
lived in a defenceless state, were marked as 
it were, for preservation by those very 
Indians, who were carrying death and de- 
struction among all the other settlers pro- 
miscuously, wherever an opportunity was 
afforded them. Three instances, however, 
occur in the Journal of Thomas Chalkley, 

where persons belonging to the Society were 
23* 



270 NOTE III. 

killed; but it is remarkable tbat in every 
one of these, tbey suffered, because, having 
out of fear abandoned their own great prin- 
ciple. In the case before us, they gave the 
Indians reason to suppose that, though they 
appeared to be outwardly, yet they had 
ceased to be real Quakers. "Among the 
many hundreds," says Thomas Chalkley, 
" that were slain, I heard of but three of our 
Friends being killed, whose destruction was 
very remarkable, as I was informed. The 
one was a woman, and the other two were 
men. The men used to go to their labor 
without any weapons, and trusted to the 
Almighty, and depended on his providence 
to protect them (it being their principle not 
to use weapons of war to offend others or to 
defend themselves): but a spirit of distrust 
taking place, they took weapons of war to 
defend themselves ; and the Indians who had 
seen them several times without thei:n, let 



NOTE III. 271 

them alone, saying, tliey were peaceable 
men and hurt nobody, therefore, they would 
not hurt them ; but now seeing them have 
guns, and supposing they designed to kill 
the Indians, they therefore shot them dead." 
And so on, respecting the woman, whose 
case was similar. — See Clarksonh Life of 
Pejirij p. 353. 



(4-) 

PART FOURTH, SECTION FIRST, PAGE EIGHTY 
NINE. 

" A ship arrived from England," &c. 

The assemblies and the governors of the 
province, as it is well known, were constantly 
at variance. T have endeavored to exhibit 
the tone and spirit of these disputes, and 
have not scrupled sometimes to use the very 
language of the disputants. At no time did 
the spirit display itself in a more extraordi- 
nary manner, than on the occasion here 
referred to. A large part of the province 
was already laid desolate, and Philadelphia 
itself was in imminent danger ; and yet, owing 



NOTE IV. 273 

to certain quarrels of long standing, no mea- 
sure for tlie public defence could be agreed 
upon. A donation from tbe proprietaries 
being received at this critical moment, tlie 
governor immediately communicated the fact 
to the assembly in an ostentatious message ; 
and the assembly responded in the manner 
represented in the text. — See Colonial Records 
of Pennsylvania^ Yol. VI., page 133. 



(5.) 



PART FOURTH, SECTION" FOURTH, PAGE ONE 
HUNDRED AND TWELVE. 

" The higher powers who govern all things." 

The great work on the Indian tribes, which 
has for several years been in progress under 
the auspices of Congress, bids fair, from its 
comprehensive plan of investigation, to em- 
body all that is now to be known respecting 
the red man. No part of this investigation 
is, perhaps, more interesting than that which 
relates to his mythology ; the characteristics 
of which are summed up by the editor (Mr. 
Schoolcraft,) as follows : 

They have, in the north, no temples of wor- 
ship, and live in a wild belief of the ancient 



NOTE V. 275 

theory of a diurgus or soul of the universe, 
which inhabits and animates everything. 
They recognise their Great Spirit in rocks, 
trees, cataracts, and clouds; in thunder and 
lightning; in the strongest tempests and the 
softest zephyrs ; and this subtle and transcen- 
dental spirit is believed to conceal himself in 
titular deities from human gaze, as birds and 
quadrupeds ; and in short, he is to be sup- 
posed to exist under every possible form in 
the world, animate and inanimate. 

While a Great Spirit thus constitutes the 
pith of Indian theory, the tribes live in a 
practical state of polytheism ; and they have 
constructed a mythology in accordance with 
these sublimated views of matter and spirit, 
which is remarkable for the variety of its 
objects. To this they constantly appeal, at 
every step of their lives. They hear the 
great diurgic spirit in every wind ; they see 
him in every cloud ; they fear him in every 



276 NOTE V. 

sound ; and tliey adore him in every place 
tliat inspires awe. They thus make gods of 
the elements : they see his image in the sun ; 
they acknowledge his mysterious power in 
fire ; and wherever nature, in the perpetual 
struggle of matter to restore its equilibrium 
assumes power, there they are sure to locate a 
god. 

"This is but half their capacity of stout be- 
lief. The Indian God of North America 
exists in a daalistic form; there is a malign 
and benign type of him ; and there is continual 
strife, in every possible form, between those 
two antagonistical powers, for the mastery over 
the mind. They are, in perpetual activity. 
Legends of subordinate spirits attend both. 
Nature is replete with them. When the eye 
fails to recognize them in material form, they 
are revealed in dreams. Necromancy and 
witchcraft are two of their ordinary powers. 
They can, in a twinkling, transform men and 



NOTE V. 277 

animals. False hopes and fears, wliicli tlie 
Indian believes to be true, spring up on every 
side. His notions of the spirit- world exceed 
all belief; and the Indian mind is thus made 
the victim of wild mjsteryj unending suspi- 
cion, and paralyzing fear. Nothing could 
make him more truly a wild man." — Yol. I., 
page 15. 

" There are two institutions among the 
North American Indians, which will be found 
to pervade the whole body of the tribes from 
the Atlantic to the Pacific, and from the Gulf 
of Mexico to the Arctic Ocean, however, the 
terms by which they are denoted differ, or 
the minor rights of the institutions themselves 
may be modified. They are called in the 
language from which we adopt most of the 
aboriginal terms in this treatise, the medawin 
and jeesukawin. In other terms, they are 
the art of medical magic and of prophecy. 

* * ^ * There is a third form, or rather a 
24 



278 NOTE V. 

modification of the medawin. It is tlie 
wabeno; a term denoting a kind of mid- 
night orgies, which is regarded as a corrup- 
tion of the meda. * * * -st 
"The meda or medawininee, is in all re- 
spects a magician. He is distinct from the 
muskekewininee, or medical practitioner. "^ * 
* * * The one is a physician, the other a 
priest. * * ^ -^ Medawin is the art of magic. 
Its professors are simply and definitely, magii 
or magicians. Men who profess this art are 
formed into societies, or associations. They 
are admitted by a public ceremony, after 
having been instructed in private, and given 
evidence of their skill or fitness. * * * Any 
one may become a follower and practicer of the. 
meda. All that is necessary is to adduce proofs 
of his skill ; but it results that none but those 
possessed of somewhat more than the .ordi- 
nary shrewdness, art, or foresight, either 
assume or attain eminence in this art. 



NOTE V. 279 

''The art of propliecy, or the jeesukawin, 
differs from the mecVawin in its being prac- 
tised alone, by distinct and solitary indivi- 
duals, who at least do not exist, and are 
never known as societies. Prophets start up 
at long intervals, and far apart, among the 
Indian tribes. They profess to be under 
supernatural power, and to be filled with a 
divine afflatus. It is, however, an art resem- 
bling that of the medawin, and founded on 
a similar principle of reliance, differing 
chiefly in the object sought. The meta seeks 
to propitiate events ; the jossakeed aims to 
predict them. Both appeal to spirits for 
their power. Both exhibit material sub- 
stances, as stuffed birds, bones, &c., as objects 
by or through which, the secret energy is to 
be exercised. The general modes of opera- 
tion are similar, but vary. The drum is 
used in both, but the songs and incantations 
differ. The rattle is confined to the cere- 



280 NOTE V. 

monies of the meda and tlie wabeno. The 
jossakeed addresses himself exclusively to 
the Great Spirit. His office and his mode of 
address, are regarded with greater solemnity 
and awe. His choruses are peculiar, and 
deemed by the people to carry an air of 
higher reverence and devotion." — Page 358. 

Since writing the above I have met with 
Longfellow's new poem, the song of Hia- 
watha. These several orders of Indian 
Priesthood appear, with their proper dis- 
tinctions, in the following lines: 

*' From the memory of the old men, 
Fade away the great traditions ; 
The achievements of the warrior, 
The adventures of the hunters, 
All the wisdom of the medas, 
All the craft of the wabenos, 
All the marvellous dreams and visions 
Of the jossakeeds, the prophets." 

END OF NOTES. 



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THE BARONET'S DAUGHTERS. 200 pages. Price 50 cents. 

GEORGE W. M. REYNOLD'S WORKS. 

THE NECROMANCER. A Romance of the times of Henry the Eighth 
By G. W. M. Reynolds. One large volume. Price 75 cents. 

THE PARRICIDE; OR, THE YOUTH'S CAREER IN CRIME. By 
G. W. M. Reynolds. Full of beautiful illustrations. Price 50 cents. 

TiTFE IN PARIS; OR, THE ADVENTURES OF ALFRED DE ROSANN 
IN THE METROPOLIS OF FRANCE. By G. W. M. Reynolds. 
Full of Engravings. Price 50 cents. 



B T. B. PETERSON'S LIST OF PUBLICATIONS. 
AINSWORTH'S WORKS. 

JACK SHEPPARD.— PICTORIAL LIFE AND ADVENTURES OF 
JACK SHEPPARD, the most noted burglar, robber, and jail breaker, 
that ever lived. Embellished with Thirty-nine, full page, spirited 
Illustrations, designed and engraved in the finest style of art, by 
George Cruikshank, Esq., of Loudon. Price Fifty cents. 

ILLUSTRATED TOWER OF LONDON. With 100 splendid engravings. 
This is beyond all doubt one of th« most interesting works ever 
published in the known world, and can be read and re-read with 
pleasure and satisfaction by everybody. We advise all persons to 
get it and read it. Two volumes, octavo. Price One Dollar. 

PICTORIAL LIFE AND ADVENTURES OF GUY FAWKES, The 
Chief of the Gunpowder Treason. The Bloody Tower, etc. Illustrated. 
By William Harrison Ainsworth. 200 pages. Price Fifty cents. 

THE STAR CHAMBER. An Historical Romance. By W. Harrison 
Ainsworth. With 17 large full page illustrations. Price 60 cents. 

THE PICTORIAL OLD ST. PAUL'S. By William Harrison Ainsworth. 
Full of Illustrations. Price Fifty cents. 

MYSTERIES OF THE COURT OF QUEEN ANNE. By William 
Harrison Ainsworth. Price Fifty cents. 

MYSTERIES OF THE COURT OF THE STUARTS. By Ainsworth. 
Being one of the most interesting Historical Romances ever written. 
One large volume. Price Fifty cents. 

DICK TURPIN.— ILLUSTRATED LIFE OF DICK TURPIN, the 
Highwayman, Burglar, Murderer, etc. Price Twenty-five cents. 

HENRY THOMAS.—LIFE OF HARRY THOMAS, the Western Burglar 
and Murderer. Full of Engravings. Price Twenty-five cents. 

DESPERADOES.— ILLUSTRATED LIFE AND ADVENTURES OF 
THE DESPERADOES OF THE NEW WORLD. Full of engravings. 
Price Twenty-five cents. 

NINON DE L'ENCLOS.— LIFE AND ADVENTURES OF NINON 
DE L'ENCLOS, with her Letters on Love, Courtship and Marriage. 
Illustrated. Price Twenty-five cents. 

THE PICTORIAL NEWGATE CALENDAR; or the Chronicles of Crime. 
Beautifully illustrated with Fifteen Engravings. Price Fifty cents. 

PICTORIAL LIFE AND ADVENTURES OF DAVY CROCKETT. 

Written by himself. Beautifully illustrated. Price Fifty cents. 

LIFE AND ADVENTURES OF ARTHUR SPRING, the murderer of 
Mrs. Ellen Lynch and Mrs. Honora Shaw, with a complete history of 
his life and misdeeds, from the time of his birth until he was hung. 
Illustrated with portraits. Price Twenty-five cents. 

JACK ADAMS.— PICTORIAL LIFE AND ADVENTURES OF JACK 
ADAMS; the celebrated Sailor and Mutineer. By Captain Chamier, 
author of " The Spitfire." Full of illustrations. Price Fifty cents. 

GRACE O'MALLEY.— PICTORIAL LIFE AND ADVENTURES OP 
GRACE O'MALLEY. By William H. Maxwell, author of "Wild 
Sports in the West." Price Fifty cents. 

rilE PIRATE'S SON. A Sea Novel of great interest. Full of beautiful 
illustratious. Price Twenty-five cents. 



T. B. PETERSON'S LIST OF PUBLICATIONS. 9 
ALEXANDRE DUMAS' WORKS. 

THE IKON MASK, OR THE FEATS AND ADVENTURES OP 
RAOULE DE BRAGELONNE. Being the conclusion of "The 
Three Guardsmen," '* Tw-enty Years After," and "Bragelonne." By 
Alexandre Dumas. Complete in two large volumes, of 420 octavo 
pages, with beautifully Illustrated Covers, Portraits, and Engravings. 
Price One Dollar. 

LOUISE LA VALLIERE; OR THE SECOND SERIES AND FINAL 
END OF THE IRON MASK. By Alexandre Dumas. This work 
is the final end of "The Three Guardsmen," " Twenty Years After," 
*'Bragelonne," and " The Iron Mask," and is of far more interesting 
and absorbing interest, than any of its predecessors. Complete in 
two large octavo volumes of over 400 pages, printed on the best of 
paper, beautifully illustrated. It also contains correct Portraits of 
" Louise La Valliere," and " The Hero of the Iron Mask." Price One 
Dollar. 

THE MEMOIRS OF A PHYSICIAN; OR THE SECRET HISTORY OP 
LOUIS THE FIFTEENTH. By Alexandre Dumas. It is beautifully 
embellished with thirty engravings, which illustrate the principal 
scenes and characters of the difi"erent heroines throughout the work. 
Complete in two large octavo volumes. Price One Dollar. 

THE QUEEN'S NECKLACE : OR THE SECRET HISTORY OF THE 
COURT OF LOUIS THE SIXTEENTH. A Sequel to the Memoirs 
of a Physician. By Alexandre Dumas. It is beautifully illustrated 
■with portraits of the heroines of the work. Complete in two large 
octavo volumes of over 400 pages. Price One Dollar. 

SIX YEARS LATER; OR THE TAKING OF THE BASTILE. By 
Alexandre Dumas. Being the continuation of " The Queen's Neck- 
lace; or the Secret History of the Court of Louis the Sixteenth," and 
"Memoirs of a Physician." Complete in one large octavo Tolume, 
Price Seventy-five cents. 

COUNTESS DE CHARNY; OR THE FALL OP THE FRENCH 
MONARCHY. By Alexandre Dumas. This work is the final con- 
clusion of the "Memoirs of a Physician," "The Queen's Necklace," 
and " Six Years Later, or Taking of the Bastile." All persons who 
have not read Dumas in this, his greatest and most instructive pro- 
duction, should begin at once, and no pleasure will be found so 
agreeable, and nothing in novel form so useful and absorbing. Com- 
plete in two volumes, beautifully illustrated. Price One Dollar. 

DIANA OF MERIDOR: THE LADY OF MONSOREAU; or France ia 
the Sixteenth Century. By Alexandre Dumas. An Historical Ro- 
mance. Complete in two large octavo volumes of 538 pages, with 
numerous illustrative engravings. Price One Dollar. 

ISABEL OF BAVARIA ; or the Chronicles of France for the reign of 
Charles the Sixth. Complete in one fine octavo volume of 211 pages, 
printed on the finest white paper. Price Fifty cents. 

EDMOND DANTES. Being the sequel to Dumas' celebrated novel of 
the Count of Monte Cristo. With elegant illustrations. Complete in 
one large octavo volume of over 200 pages. Price Fifty cents. 

THE CORSICAN BROTHERS. This work has already been dramatized, 
and is now played in all the theatres of Europe and in this country, 
and it is exciting an extraordinary interest. Price Twenty-five cents. 



10 T. B. PETERSON'S LIST OF PUBLICATIONS. 
ALEXANDRE DUMAS' WORKS. 

SKETCHES IN FRANCE. By Alexandre Dumas. It is as good a 
book as Thackeray's Sketches in Ireland. Dumas never wrote a 
better book. It is the most delightful book of the season. Prioa 
Fifty cents. 

GENEVIEVE, OR THE CHEVALIER OF THE MAISON ROUGE. 
By Alexandre Dumas. An Historical Romance of the French Revo- 
lution, Complete in one large octavo volume of over 200 pages, 
with numerous illustrativo engravings. Price Fifty cents. 

GEORGE LIPPARD'S WORKS. 

WASHINGTON AND HIS GENERALS; or, Legends of the American 
Revolution. Complete in two large octavo volumes of 538 pages, 
printed on the finest white paper. Price One Dollar. 

THE QUAKER CITY; or, the Monks of Monk Hall. A Romance of 
Philadelphia Life, Mystery and Crime. Illustrated with numerous 
Engravings. Complete in two large octavo volumes of 600 pages. 
Price One Dollar. 

THE LADYE OF ALBARONE; or, the Poison Goblet. A Romance of 
the Dark Ages. Lippard's Last "Work, and never before published. 
Complete in one large octavo volume. Price Seventy-five cents. 

PAUL ARDENHEIM; the Monk of Wissahickon. A Romance of the 
Revolution. Illustrated with numerous engravings. Complete in 
two large octavo volumes, of nearly 600 pages. Price One Dollar. 

BLANCHE OF BRAND YWINE; or, September the Eleventh, 1777. A 
Romance of the Poetry, Legends, and History of the Battle of Brandy- 
wine. It makes a large octavo volume of 350 pages, printed on the 
finest white paper. Price Seventy-five cents. 

LEGENDS OF MEXICO; or, Battles of General Zachary Taylor, late 
President of the United States. Complete in one octavo volume of 
128 pages. Price Twenty-five cents. 

THE NAZARENE; or, the Last of the Washingtons. A Revelation of 
Philadelphia, New York, and Washington, in tho year 1844. Com- 
plete in one volume. Price Fifty cents. 

B. DISRAELPS NOVELS. 

VIVIAN GREY. By B. D'Israeli, M. P. Complete in one large octavo 
volume of 225 pages. Price Fifty cents. 

THE YOUNG DUKE; or the younger days of George the Fourth. By 
B. D'Israeli, M. P. One octavo volume. Price Thirty-eight cents. 

VENETIA; or. Lord Byron and his Daughter. By B. D'Israeli, M. P. 
Complete in one large octavo volume. Price Fifty cents. 

HENRIETTA TEMPLE. A Love Story. By B. D'Israeli, M. P. Com 
plete in one large octavo volume. Price Fifty cents. 

CONTARINA FLEMING. An Autobiography. By B. D'Israeli, M. P. 
One volume, octavo. Price Thirty-eight cents. 

MIRIAM ALROY. A Romance of the Twelfth Century. By B. D'Israeli, 
M. P. One volume octavo. Price Thirty-eight cents. 



T. B. PETERSON'S LIST OF PUBLICATIONS. 11 
EMERSON BENNETT'S WORKS. 

CLAKA MORELAND. This is a powerfully written romance. The 
characters are boldly drawn, the plot striking, the incidents replete 
with thrilling interest, and the language and descriptions aatural and 
graphic, as are all of Mr. Bennett's Works. 336 pagee. Price 50 
cents in paper cover, or One Dollar in cloth, gilt. 

TIOLA; OR, ADVENTURES IN THE FAR SOUTH-WEST. Com- 
plete in one largo volume. Price 60 cents in paper cover, or 75 cents 
in cloth, gilt. 

THE FORGED WILL. Complete in one large volume, of over 300 
pages, paper cover, price 50 cents; or bound in cloth, gilt, price $1 00. 

KATE CLARENDON; OR, NECROMANCY IN THE WILDERNESS. 
Price 60 cents in paper cover, or 75 cents in cloth, gilt. 

BRIDE OF THE WILDERNESS. Complete in one large volume. 
Price 50 cents in paper cover, or 75 cents in cloth, gilt. 

THE PIONEER'S DAUGHTER; and THE UNKNOWN COUNTESS. 
By Emerson Bennett. Price 50 cents. 

HEIRESS OF BELLEFONTE ; and WALDE-WARREN. A Tale of 
Circumstantial Evidence. By Emerson Bennett. Price 60 cents. 

ELLEN NORBURY ; OR, THE ADVENTURES OF AN ORPHAN. 
Complete in one large volume, price 50 cents in paper cover, or ia 
cloth gilt, $1 00. 

MISS LESLIE'S NEW COOK BOOK 

MISS LESLIE'S NEW RECEIPTS FOR COOKING. Comprising new 
and approved methods of preparing all kinds of soups, fish, oysters, 
terrapins, turtle, vegetables, meats, poultry, game, sauces, pickles, 
sweet meats, cakes, pies, puddings, confectionery, rice, Indian meal 
preparations of all kinds, domestic liquors, perfumery, remedies, 
laundry-work, needle-work, letters, additional receipts, etc. Also, 
list of articles suited to go together for breakfasts, dinners, and sup- 
pers, and much useful information and many miscellaneous subjects 
connected with general house-wifery. It is an elegantly printed duo- 
decimo volume of 520 pages ; and in it there will be found One Thou- 
sand and Eleven new Receipts — all useful — some ornamental — and all 
invaluable to every lady, miss, or family in the world. This work has 
had a very extensive sale, and many thousand copies have been sold, 
and the demand is increasing yearly, being the most complete work 
of the kind published in the world, and also the latest and best, as, 
in addition to Cookery, its receipts for making cakes and confec- 
tionery are unequalled by any other work extant. New edition, en- 
larged and impi-oved, and handsomely bound. Price One Dollar a 
copy only. This is the only new Cook Book by Miss Leslie. 

GEORGE SANDS' WORKS. 

FIRST AND TRUE LOVE. A True Love Story. By George Sand, 
author of " Consuelo," " Indiana," etc. It is one of the most charm- 
ing and interesting works ever published. Illustrated. Price 60 cents. 

INDIANA. By George Sand, author of " First and True Love," etc 
A very bewitching and interesting work. Price 60 cents. 

THE CORSAIR. A Venetian Tale. Price 26 cents. 



12 T. B. PETERSON'S LIST OF PUBLICATIONS. 

HUMOROUS AMERICAN WORKS. 

WITH ORIGINAL ILLUSTRATIONS BY BARLEY AND OTHERS, 

AND BEAUTIFULLY ILLUMINATED COVERS. 

We have just published new and beautiful editions of the following 
HUMOROUS AMERICAN WORKS. They are published in the best 
possible style, full of original Illustrations, by Darley, descriptive of all th« 
best scenes in each work, with Illuminated Covers, with new and beautiful 
designs on each, and are printed on the finest and best of white paper- 
There are no works to compare with them in point of wit and humor, ia 
the whole world. The price of each work is Fifty cents only. 

THE FOLLOWING ABE THE NAMES OF THE WOEKS. 

MAJOR JONES' COURTSHIP: detailed, with other Scenes, Incidents, 
and Adventures, in a Series of Letters, by himself. With Thirteea 
Illustrations from designs by Darley. Price Fifty cents. 

DRAMA m POKERVILLE: the Bench aud Bar of Jurytown, and 
other Stories. By "Everpoint,'* (J. M. Field, of the St. Louis 
Reveille-) With Illustrations from designs by Darley. Fifty cents- 

CHARCOAL SKETCHES ; or, Scenes in the Metropolis. By Joseph C. 
Neal, author of "Peter Ploddy," "Misfortunes of Peter Faber," etc. 
With Illustrations. Price Fifty cents. 

YANKEE AMONGST THE MERMAIDS, and other Waggeries and 
Vagaries. By W. E. Burton, Comedian. With Illustrations by 
Darley. Price Fifty cents. 

MISFORTUNES OF PETER FABER, and other Sketches. By the 
author of " Charcoal Sketches." With Illustrations by Darley and 
others. Price Fifty cents. 

MAJOR JONES' SKETCHES OF TRAVEL, comprising the Scenes, 
Incidents, and Adventures in his Tour from Georgia to Canada. 
With Eight Illustrations from Designs by Darley. Price Fifty cents. 

STREAKS OF SQUATTER LIFE, and Far West Scenes. A S«ries of 
humorous Sketches, descriptive of Incidents and Character in th« 
Wild West. By the author of " Major Jones' Courtship," " Swallow- 
ing Oysters Alive," etc. With Illustrations from designs by Darley 
Price Fifty cents. 

QUARTER RACE IN KENTUCKY, AND OTHER STORIES. By 
W. T. Porter, Esq., of the New York Spirit of the Times. With 
Eight Illustrations and designs by Darley. Complete in one volume. 
Price Fifty cents. 

SIMON SUGGS.— ADVENTURES OF CAPTAIN SIMON SUGGS, late 
of the Tallapoosa Volunteers, together with "Taking the Census," 
and other Alabama Sketches. By a Country Editor. With a Portrait 
from Life, and Nine other Illustrations by Darley. Price Fifty cents. 

EIVAL BELLES. By J. B. Jones, author of "Wiia Western Scenes," 
etc. This is a very humorous and entertaining work, and one that 
will be recommended by all after reading it. Price Fifty cents. 



T. B. PETERSON'S LIST OF PXTBLICATIONS. 13 
HUMOEOUS AMERICAN WORKS. 

YANKEE YARNS AND YANKEE LETTERS. By Sam Slick, alias 
Judge Haliburton. Full of the drollest humor that has ever emanated 
from the pen of any author. Every page will set you in a roar. 
Price Fifty cents. 

LIFE AND ADVENTURES OF COL. VANDERBOMB, AND THE 
EXPLOITS OF HIS PRIVATE SECRETARY. By J. B. Jones, 
author of " The Rival Belles/' " Wild Western Scenes,*' etc. Price 
Fifty cents. 

BIG BEAR OF ARKANSAS, and other Sketches, illustrative of Charac- 
ters and Incidents in the South and South-West. Edited by Wm. T. 
Porter. With Illustrations by Darley. Price Fifty cents. 

MAJOR JONES' CHRONICLES OF PINEVILLE; embracing Sketches 
of Georgia Scenes, Incidents, and Characters. By the author of 
"Major Jones' Courtship," etc. With Illustrations by Darley. Price 
Fifty cents. 

LIFE AND ADVENTURES OF PERCIVAL MABEREY. By J. H. 
Ingraham. It will interest and please everybody. All who enjoy a 
good laugh should get it at once. Price Fifty cents. 

FRANK FORESTER'S QUORNDON HOUNDS; or, A Virginian at 
Melton Mowbray. By H. W. Herbert, Esq. With Illustrations. 
Price Fifty cents. 

PICKINGS FROM THE PORTFOLIO OF THE REPORTER OF THE 
"NEW ORLEANS PICAYUNE." Comprising Sketches of the 
Eastern Yankee, the Western Hoosier, and sach others as make up 
society in the great Metropolis of the South. With JUustrations by 
Darley. Price Fifty cents. 

FRANK FORESTER'S SHOOTING BOX. By the author of "The 
Quorndon Hounds/' " The Deer Stalkers," etc. With Illustrations by 
Darley. Price Fifty cents. 

STRAY SUBJECTS ARRESTED AND BOUND OVER; being the 
Fugitive Offspring of the " Old Un" and the "Young Un," that have 
been " Laying Around Loose," and arc now " tied up" for fast keep- 
ing. With Illustrations by Darley. Price Fifty cents. 

FRANK FORESTER'S DEER STALKERS ; a Tale of Circumstantial 
evidence. By the author of " My Shooting Box," "The Quorndon 
Hounds," etc. With Illustrations. Price Fifty cents. 

ADVENTURES OF CAPTAIN FARRAGO. By Hon. II. H. Bracken- 
ridge. For Sixteen years one of the Judges of the Supreme Court of 
the State of Pennsylvania. With Illustrations from designs by Darley. 
Price Fifty cents. 

THE CHARMS OF PARIS; or, Sketches of Travel and Adventures by 
Night and Day, of a Gentleman of Fortune and Leisui-©. From his 
private journal. Price Fifty cents. 

PETER PLODDY, and other oddities. By the author of "Charcoal 
Sketches," "Peter Faber," &c. With Illustrations from original 
designs, by Darley. Price Fifty cents. 

WIDOW RUGBY'S HUSBAND, a Night at the Ugly Man's, and other 
Tales of Alabama. By author of " Simon Suggs." With original 
Illustrations. Price Fifty cents. 



14 T. B. PETERSON'S LIST OF PUBLICATIONS. 
HUMOROUS AMERICAN WORKS. 

MAJOR O'REGAN'S ADVENTURES. By lion. II. H. Brackenridgo. 
With Illustrations by Darley. Price Fifty cents. 

SOL. SMITH ; THEATRICAL APPRENTICESHIP AND ANECDOTAL 
RECOLLECTIONS OP SOL. SMITH, Esq., Comedian, Lawyer, 
etc. Illustrated by Darley. Containing Early Scenes, Wanderings 
in the West, Cincinnati in Early Life, etc. Price Fifty cents. 

SOL. SMITH'S NEW BOOK; THE THEATRICAL JOURNEY-WORK 
AND ANECDOTAL RECOLLECTIONS OF SOL. SMITH, Esq., 
with a portrait of Sol. Smith. It comprises a Sketch of the second 
Seven years of his professional life, together with some Sketches of 
Adventure in after years. Price Fifty cents. 

POLLY PEABLOSSOM'S WEDDING, and other Tales. By the author 
of "Major Jones' Courtship," " Streaks of Squatter Life," etc. Price 
Fifty cents. 

FRANK FORESTER'S WARWICK WOODLANDS; or. Things as 
they were Twenty Years Ago. By the author of " The Quorndon 
Hounds," "My Shooting Box," "The Deer Stalkers," etc. With 
Illustrations, illuminated. Price Fifty cents. 

LOUISIANA SWAMP DOCTOR. By Madison Tensas, M. D., Ex. V. P. 

M. S. U. Ky. Author of " Cupping on the Sternum." With Illustra- 
tions by Darley. Price Fifty cents. 

NEW ORLEANS SKETCH BOOK, by "Stahl," author of the "Port- 
folio of a Southern Medical Student." With Illustrations from 
designs by Darley. Price Fifty cents. 

FRENCH, GERMAN, SPANISH, LATIN, AND 
ITALIAN LANGUAGES. 

Any person unacquainted with either of the above languages, can, with 
the aid of these works, be enabled to read, write and speak the language of 
either, without the aid of a teacher or any oral instruction whatever, pro- 
vided they pay strict attention to the instructions laid down in each book, 
and that nothing shall be passed over, without a thorough investigation 
of the subject it involves : by doing which they will be able to speak, read 
or write either language, at their will and pleasure. Either of these works 
is invaluable to any persons wishing to learn these languages, and are 
worth to any one One Hundred times their cost. These works have 
already run through several large editions in this country, for no person 
ever buys one without recommending it to his friends. 

FRENCH WITHOUT A MASTER. In Six Easy Lessons. 
GERMAN WITHOUT A MASTER. In Six Easy Lessons. 
SPANISH WITHOUT A MASTER. In Four Easy Lessons. 
ITALIAN WITHOUT A MASTER. In Five Easy Lessons. 
LATIN WITHOUT A MASTER. In Six Easy Lessons. 

Price of either of the above Works, separate, 25 cents each — or the 
•whole five may be had for One Dollar, and will be sent free of postage to 
any one on their remitting that amount to the publisher, in a letter. 



T. B. PETERSON^S LIST OF PUBLICATIONS. 15 
WORKS BY THE BEST AUTHORS. 

FLIRTATIONS IN AMERICA; OR HIGH LIFE IN NEW YORK. A 

capital book. 285 pages. Price 50 cents. 

DON QUIXOTTE.— ILLUSTRATED LIFE AND ADVENTURES OP 
DON QUIXOTTE DE LA MANCHA, and his Squire Sancho Panza, 
with all the original notes. 300 pages. Price 75 cents. 

WILD SPORTS IN THE WEST. By W. H. Maxwell, author of " Pic- 
torial Life and Adventures of Grace O'Malley." Price 50 cents. 

THE ROMISH CONFESSIONAL ; or, the Auricular Confession and Spi- 
ritual direction of the Romish Church. Its History, Consequences, 
and policy of the Jesuits. By M. Michelet. Price 50 cents. 

GENEVRA ; or, the History of a Portrait. By Miss Fairfield, one of the 
best writers in America. 200 pages. Price 50 cents. 

WILD OATS SOWN ABROAD ; OR, ON AND OFF SOUNDINGS. It 
is the Private Journal of a Gentleman of Leisure and Education, and 
of a highly cultivated mind, in making the tour of Europe. It shows 
Tip all the High and Low Life to be found in all the fashionable re- 
sorts in Paris. Price 50 cents in paper cover, or 75 cents in cloth, gilt. 

BALATHIEL ; OR, THE WANDERING JEW. By Rev. George Croly. 
One of the best and most world-wide celebrated books that has ever 
been printed. Price 50 cents. 

LLORENTE'S HISTORY OF THE INQUISITION IN SPAIN. Only 
edition published in this country. Price 50 cents ; or handsomely 
bound in muslin, gilt, price 75 cents. 

DR. HOLLICK'S NEW BOOK. ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY, 
with a large dissected plate of the Human Figure, colored to Life. 
By the celebrated Dr. Hollick, author of '* The Family Physician," 
'* Origin of Life," etc. Price One Dollar. 

DR. HOLLICK'S FAMILY PHYSICIAN; OR, THE TRUE ART OF 
HEALING THE SICK. A book that should be in the house of 
every family. It is a perfect treasure. Price 25 cents. 

MYSTERIES OF THREE CITIES. Boston, New York, and Philadel- 
phia. Revealing the secrets of society in these various cities. All 
should read it. By A. J. H. Duganne. 200 pages. Price 50 cents. 

RED INDIANS OF NEWFOUNDLAND. A beautifully illustrated In- 
dian Story, by the author of the " Prairie Bird." Price 50 cents. 

HARRIS'S ADVENTURES IN AFRICA. This book is a rich treat. 
Two volumes. Price One Dollar, or handsomely bound, $1 50. 

THE PETREL; OR, LOVE ON THE OCEAN. A sea novel equal to tho 
best. By Admiral Fishei*. 200 pages. Price 50 cents. 

ARISTOCRACY, OR LIFE AMONG THE "UPPER TEN." A true 
novel of fashionable life. By J. A. Nunes, Esq. Price 50 cents. 

THE CABIN AND PARLOR. By J. Thornton Randolph. It is 
beautifully illustrated. Price 50 cents in paper cover ; or a finer edi- 
tion, printed on thicker and better paper, and handsomely bound in 
muslin, gilt, is published for One Dollar. 

LIFE IN THE SOUTH. A companion to " Uncle Tom's Cabin." By 
C. H. Wiley. Beautifully illustrated from original designs by Dar- 
ley. Price 50 cents. 



16 T. B. PETERSON'S LIST OF PUBLICATIONS. 
WORKS BY THE BEST AUTHORS. 

SKETCHES IN IRELAND. By AVilliam M. Thackeray, author of 
'* Vanity Fair," "History of Pendennis," etc. Price 50 cents. 

THE ROMAN TRAITOR; OR, THE DAYS OF CATALINE AND 
CICERO. By Henry William Herbert. This is one of the most 
powerful Roman stories in the English language, and is of itself suflS- 
cient to stamp the writer as a powerful man. Complete in two largo 
volumes, of over 250 pages each, paper cover, price One Dollar, or 
bound in one volume, cloth, for $1 25. 

;HE LADY'S WORK-TABLE BOOK. Full of plates, designs, diagrams, 
and illustrations to learn all kinds of needlework. A work every 
Lady should posses?. Price 50 cents in paper cover; or bound in 
crimson cloth, gilt, for 75 cents. 

THE COQUETTE. One of the best books ever written. One volume, oc- 
tavo, over 200 pages. Price 50 cents. 

WHITEFRIARS ; OR, THE DAYS OF CHARLES THE SECOND. An 
Historical Romance. Splendidly illustrated with original designs, by 
Chapin. It is the best historical romance published for years. Price 
50 cents. 

WHITEHALL ; OR, THE TIMES OP OLIVER CROMWELL. By the 
author of "Whitefriars." It is a work which, for just popularity and 
intensity of interest, has not been equalled since the publication of 
^' Waverly." Beautifully illustrated. Price 50 cents. 

THE SPITFIRE. A Nautical Romance. By Captain Chamier, author 
of " Life and Adventures of Jack Adams." Illustrated. Price 50 cents. 

UNCLE TOM'S CABIN AS IT IS. One large volume, illustrated, 

bound in cloth. Price $1 25. 
lATHER CLEMENT. By Grace Kennady, author of "Dunallen," 

"Abbey of Innismoyle," etc. A beautiful book. Price 50 cents. 

THE ABBEY OF INNISMOYLE. By Grace Kennady, author of " Fa- 
ther Clement." Equal to any of her former works. Price 25 cents. 

THE FORTUNE HUNTER; a novel of New Y^'ork society, Upper and 
Lower Tendom. By Mrs. Anna Cora Mowatt. Pi-ice 38 cents. 

POCKET LIBRARY OF USEFUL KNOWLEDGE. New and enlarged 
edition, with numerous engravings. Twenty thousand copies sold. 
We have never seen a volume embracing any thing like the same 
quantity of useful matter. The work is really a treasure. It should 
speedily find its way into every family. It also contains a large and 
entirely new Map of the United States, with full page portraits of 
the Presidents of the United States, from Washington until the pre- 
sent time, executed in the finest style of the art. Price 50 cents a 
copy only. 

HENRY CLAY'S PORTRAIT. Nagle's correct, full length Mezzotinto 
Portrait, and only true likeness ever published of the distinguished 
Statesman. Engraved by Sartain. Size, 22 by 30 inches. Price 
$1 00 a copy only. Originally sold at $5 00 a copy. 

THE MISER'S HEIR; OR, THE YOUNG MILLIONAIRE. A story 
of a Guardian and his Ward. A prize novel. By P. H. Myers, author 
of the " Emigrant Squire." Price 50 cents in paper cover, or 75 ceutt 
in cloth, gilt. 



T. B. PETERSON'S LIST OF PUBLICATIONS. 17 
WOEKS BY THE BEST AUTHORS. 

THE TWO LOVERS. A Domestic Story. It is a highly interesting and 
companionable book, conspicuous for its purity of sentiment — its 
graphic and vigorous style — its truthful delineations of character — 
and deep and powerful interest of its plot. Price 38 cents. 

AEHAH NEIL. A novel by G. P. B. James. Price 50 cents. 

SIEGE OF LONDONDERRY. A History of the Siege of Londonderry, 
and Defence of Enniskillen, in 1688 and 1689, by the Rev. John 
Graham. Price 37 cents. 

VICTIMS OF AMUSEMENTS. By Martha Clark, and dedicated by the 
author to the Sabbath Schools of the land. One vol., cloth, 38 cents. 

FREAKS OF FORTUNE ; or, The Life and Adventures of Ned Lorn. 
By the author of " Wild Western Scenes." One volume, cloth. Price 
One Dollar. 

WORKS AT TWENTY-FIVE CENTS EACH. 

GENTLEMAN'S SCIENCE OF ETIQUETTE, AND GUIDE TO SO- 
CIETY. By Count Alfred D'Orsay With a portrait of Count D'Or- 
say. Price 25 cents. 

LADIES' SCIENCE OF ETIQUETTE. By Countess de Calabrella, with 
her full-length portrait. Price 25 cents. 

ELLA STRATFORD ; OR, THE ORPHAN CHILD. By the Countesa 
of Blessington. A charming and entertaining work. Price 25 cents. 

GHOST STORIES. Full of illustrations. Being a Wonderful Book. 
Price 25 cents. 

ADMIRAL'S DAUGHTER. By Mrs. Marsh, author of " Ravens- 
cliife." One volume, octavo. Price 25 cents. 

THE MONK. A Romance. By Matthew G. Lewis, Esq., M. P. All 

should read it. Price 25 cents. 
DIARY OF A PHYSICIAN. Second Series. By S. C. Warren, author 

of '' Ten Thousand a Year." Illustrated. Price 25 cents. 

ABEDNEGO, THE MONEY LENDER. By Mrs. Gore. Price 25 cents. 

MADISON'S EXPOSITION OF THE AWFUL CEREMONIES OF 
ODD FELLOWSHIP, with 20 plates. Price 25 cents. 

GLIDDON'S ANCIENT EGYPT, HER MONUMENTS, HIEROGLY- 
PHICS, HISTORY, ETC. Full of plates. Price 25 cents. 

BEAUTIFUL FRENCH GIRL; or the Daughter of Monsieur Fon- 
tanbleu. Price 25 cents. 

MYSTERIES OF BEDLAM; OR, ANNALS OF THE LONDON MAD- 
HOUSE. Price 25 cents. 

JOSEPHINE. A Story of the Heart. Bj Grace Aguilar, author of 
" Home Influence," " Mother's Recompense," etc. Price 25 cents. 

EVA ST. CLAIR ; AND OTHER TALES. By G. P. R. James, Esq., 
author of " Richelieu." Price 25 cents. 

AGNES GREY; AN AUTOBIOGRAPHY. By the author of "Jane 
Eyre," " Shirley," etc. Price 25 cets. 

BELL BRANDON, AND THE WITHERED FIG TREE. By P. Hamil- 
ton Myers. A Three Hundred Dollar prize noveL Price 25 cents. 



18 T. B. PETERSON'S LIST OF PUBLICATIONS. 
WORKS AT TWENTY-FIVE CENTS EACH. 

KNOWLSON'S COMPLETE CATTLE, OR COW DOCTOR. Whoever 
owns a cow should have this book. Price 25 cents. 

KNOWLSON'S COMPLETE FARRIER, OR HORSE DOCTOR. AU 
that own a horse should possess this work. Price 25 cents. 

THE COMPLETE KITCHEN AND FRUIT GARDENER, FOR POPU- 
LAR AND GENERAL USE. Price 25 cents. 

THE COMPLETE FLORIST ; OR FLOWER GARDENER. The best 
in the world. Price 25 cents. 

THE EMIGRANT SQUIRE. By author of "Bell Brandon." 25 cents. 

PHILIP IN SEARCH OF A WIFE. By the author of " Kate in Search 
of a Husband." Price 25 cents. 

MYSTERIES OF A CONVENT. By a noted Methodist Preacher. Price 
25 cents. 

THE ORPHAN SISTERS. It is a tale such as Miss Austen might have 
been proud of, and Goldsmith would not have disowned. It is well 
told, and excites a strong interest. Price 25 cents. 

THE DEFORMED. One of the best novels ever written, and THE 
CHARITY SISTER. By Hon. Mrs. Norton. Price 25 cents. 

LIFE IN NEW YORK. IN DOORS AND OUT OF DOORS. By the 
late William Burns. Illustrated by Forty Engravings. Price 25 cents. 

JENNY AMBROSE; OR, LIFE IN THE EASTERN STATES. An ex- 
cellent book. Price 25 cents. 

MORETON HALL; OR, THE SPIRITS OF THE HAUNTED HOUSE. 
A Tale founded on Facts. Price 25 cents. 

RODY THE ROVER; OR THE RIBBON MAN. An Irish Tale. By 
William Carleton. One volume, octavo. Price 25 cents. 

AMERICA'S MISSION. By Rev. Charles Wadsworth. Price 25 cents. 

POLITICS IN RELIGION. By Rev. Charles Wadsworth. Price 12i cts. 

Professor LIEBIG'S Works on Chemistry. 

AGRICULTURAL CHEMISTRY. Chemistry in its application to Agri- 
culture and Physiology. Price Twenty-five cents. 

ANIMAL CHEMISTRY. Chemistry in its application to Physiology and 
Pathology. Price Twenty-five cents. 

.FAMILIAR LETTERS ON CHEMISTRY, and its relations to Commerce, 
Physiology and Agriculture. 

THE POTATO DISEASE. Researches into the motion of the Juices in 

the animal body. 
CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS IN RELATION TO PHYSIOLOGY 

AND PATHOLOGY. 

T. B. PETERSON also publishes a complete edition of Professor 
Liebig's works on Chemistry, comprising the whole of the above. They 
are bound in one large royal octavo volume, in Muslin gilt. Price for the 
complete works bound in one volume, One Dollar and Fifty cents. The 
three last are not published separately from the bound volume. 



T. B. PETERSON'S LIST OF PUBLICATIONS. 19 
EXCELLENT SHILLING BOOKS. 

THE SEVEN POOR TRAVELLERS. By Charles Dickens. Price 12^ cts. 

THE SCHOOLBOY, AND OTHER STORIES. By Dickens. 12i cents. 

SISTER ROSE. By Charles Dickens. Price 12i cents. 

CHRISTMAS CAROL. By Charles Dickens. Price 12J cents. 

LIZZIE LEIGH, AND THE MINER'S DAUGHTERS. By Charles 
Dickens. Price 12^ cents. 

THE CHIMES. By Charles Dickens. Price 12i cents. 

THE CRICKET ON THE HEARTH. By Charles Dickens. Price 12J cts. 

BATTLE OF LIFE. By Charles Dickens. Price 12^ cents, 

HAUNTED MAN; AND THE GHOST'S BARGAIN. By Charles 
Dickens. Price 12^ cents. 

THE YELLOW MASK. From Dickens' Household Words. Price 12i cts. 

A WIFE'S STORY. From Dickens' Household Words. Price 12i cts. 

MOTHER AND STEPMOTHER. By Dickens. Price 12i cents. 

ODD FELLOWSHIP EXPOSED. With all the Signs, Grips, Pass-words, 
etc. Illustrated. Price 12i cents. 

MORMONISM EXPOSED. Full of Engravings, and Portraits of tho 
Twelve Apostles. Price 12J cents. 

THE LIFE AND DEATH OF THE REV. JOHN N. MAFFIT; with his 
Portrait. Price 12^ cents. 

REV. ALBERT BARNES ON THE MAINE LIQUOR LAW. THE 
THRONE OF INIQUITY ; or, sustaining Evil by Law. A discourse 
in behalf of a law prohibiting the traffic in intoxicating drinks. 
Price 12i cents. 

WOMAN. DISCOURSE ON WOMAN. HER SPHERE, DUTIES, 
ETC. By Lucretia Mott. Price ]2i cents. 

EUCHRE. THE GAME OF EUCHRE, AND ITS LAWS. By a mem- 
ber of the Euchre Club of Philadelphia of Thirty Years standing. 
Price 12J cents. 

DR. BERG'S ANSWER TO ARCHBISHOP HUGHES. Price 12i cents, 

DR. BERG'S LECTURE ON THE JESUITS. Price 12i cents. 

FRESH FRUITS AND VEGETABLES all the Year round, at Summer 
prices, and how to obtain and have them, with full directions. 12^ cents. 



T. B. PETERSON'S "Wliolesale & Retail Clieap Book, Btaga- 

zinc, Newspaper, PiiTblisliiiig and. Bookselling Egtablisli- 

ment, is at No, 103 Clicstnwt Street, Pliiladelpliias 

From which place he will supply all orders for any books at all, no matter by whom 
published, in advance of all others, and at publishers' lowest cash pripes. He re- 
spectfully invites Country Merchants, Booksellers, Pedlars, Canvassers, Agents, the 
Trade, Strangers in the City, and the public generally, to call and examine his ex- 
tensive collection of all kinds of publications, where they will be sure to find all the 
best, latest, and cheapest works published in this country or elsewhere, for sale very low. 



THE DESERTED WIFE. 

BY MRS. EMMA D. E. N. SOUTHWORTH. 

AUTHOR OF "the LOST HEIRESS," "THE MISSIXG BRIDE," "WIFE's VICTORY,** 
"CURSE OF CLIFTON," "PISCARDEI) DAUGHTER," ETC., ETC. 

Complete in one vol., bound in cloth, for One Dollar and Twenty- 
five Cents ; or in two vols., paper cover, for One Dollar. 



i The annonnroment of a new book by Mrs. Southworth, tho author of "The Lost TTcir- 
"ess." is a matter of great interest to all that loTe to read and admire pure and chaste 
American works. It is a new work of unusual power and tbrillinj;; interest. The scene 
is laid in one of the southern States, and the story tcives a picture" of the manners and 
customs of the planting gentry, in an age not far removed backward from the present. 
The characters are drawn with a strong hand, and the book abounds with scenes of 
intense interest, the whole plot being wrought out with much power and effect; and no 
one, we are confident, can read it without acknowledging that it possesses more than 
ordinary merit. The author is a writer of remarkable genius and originality — manifestiuj; 
wonderful power in the vivid depicting of character, and in her glowing descriptions of 
scenery. Ilagar, the heroine of the " Deserted Wife," is a magnificent being, while JJaj'- 
mond, Gusty, and Mr. Withers, are not mei-ely names, but exist-ences — they live and movo 
before us, each acting in accordance with his peculiar nature. The purpose of the author, 
professedly, is to teach the lesson, " that rhe fundameutal causes of unliappiness in a 
married lite, are a defective moral and 2>f it/ ttical education, and a premature contraction 
of the matrimonial engagement." It is a book to read and reflect on, and one that can- 
not fail to do an immense amount of good, and will rank as one of the brightest and 
purest ornaments among the literature of this country. 

REAL THE SUBJECT MATTER OF THE DIFFERENT CHAPTERS. 



Marriage and Divorce. 

The Old Mansion House. 

The Aged Pastor. 

The Old Man's Darling. 

The Evil Eye. 

The Philosopher. 

The Young Lieutenant. 

First Love. 

Magnetism. 

The Phantom's Warning. 

The Wanderer's Death. 

Raymond. 

Fanaticism. 

Ilagar. 

Rosalia. 

The Attic. 



Gusty. 

The Moor. 

The Storm. 

The Lunatic's End. 

The Hunt. 

La Lionne de Chase. 

llagar's Bridal. 

The Love Angel. 

The Bride's Trial. 

The Forsaken House. 

The New Home. 

The Midshipman's Love. 

The Worship of Joy. 

The Wife's Rival. 

The New .Medea. 

The Bleeding Heart. 



The Baptism of Grief. 
Fascination. 
The Forsaken. 
The Fiery Trial. 
Return to the Desolate Horn*. 
Hagar at Heath Hall. 
The Flight of Rosalia. 
The Worship of Sorrow. 
God the Consoler. 
Hagar's Resurrection, 
A Revelation. 
Family Secrets. 
Rosalias Wanderings. 
The Queen of Song. 
Kappings at Heath U&ll. 
Hagar's Ovation. 



f T. B. PETERSON also publishes a complete and uniform edition of Mrs. Southworth's 

other works, any one or all of which, of either edition, will be sent to any place in the 

United States, free of postage, on receipt of remittances. The following are their names. 

'3ilE LOST HEIRESS. By Mrs. Emma D. E. N. Southworth. With a Portrait and Auto- 
graph of the author. Complete in two volumes, paper cover. Price One Dollar; or in 
one volume, cloth, for One Dollar and Twenty-five cents. 

THE MISSING BRIDE ; or, MIRIAM THE AVENGER. By Mrs. Southworth. Two 
volumes, paper cover. Price One Dollar; or bound in one volume, cloth, for $1 2.5. 

THE WIFE'S VICTORY ; AND NINE OTHER NOUVELLETTES. By Mrs. Emma D. 
E. N. Southworth. It is embellished with a view of Prospect Cottage, the residence of 
the author. Two vols., paper cover. Price One Dollar; or one volume, cloth, for |l.-o. 

THE CURSE OF CLIFTON. By Mrs. Emma D. E. N. Southworth. Complete in two 
volumes, paper cover. Price One Dollar; or bound in one volume, cloth, for $1.25. 

THE DISCARDED DAUGHTER. By Mrs. Emma D. E. N. Southworth. Complete in two 
volumes. Price in paper cover, One Dollar; or bound in one volume, cloth, for $1.25. 

T. B. PETERSOX, 



Published and for sale by 



No. 102 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia. 

20 



THE WIFE'S VICTORY; 

AND NINE OTHER NOUVELLETTES. 

^ BY MRS. EMMA D. E. N. SOUTHWORTH. 

Being the Most SpleEflid Pictures of Amcriean Life Ever Written. 

Complete in two volumes, paper cover, Price Seventy-Five 
Cents; or bound in one vol., clotli, for One Dollar. 

T. B. Peterson has just published this new and celebrated work by 
Mrs. Southworth. The volume contains, besides "THE WIFE'S VIC- 
TORY," NINE OP THE MOST CELEBRATED NOUVELLETTES eVCf Written by 

this favorite and world-renowned American author, and it will prove to be 
one of the most popular works ever issued. The names of the Nouvel- 
lettes contained in " The Wife's Victory," are as follows : 



THE "WIPE'S VICTORY. 
THE MARRIED SHREW ; a 

Sequel to the "Wife's Victory. 
SYBIIi BROTHERTON; or, 

Tlie Temptation. 
THE IRISH REFUGEE. 
EVEI.INE MURRAY J or, Til© 

Fine Figure. 
"WINNY. 



THE THREE SISTERS; or, 

Ne^v Year's in tlie liittle 

Rougli Cast House. 
ANNIE GREY ; or, Neiglibor's 

Prescriptions. 
ACROSS THE STREET: a 

Ne-»v Year's Story. 
THUNDERBOLT TO THE 

HEARTH. 



The Wife's Victory will be found, on perusal by all, to be equal, if not 
Euperior, to any of the previous works by this celebrated American author- 
ess, who is now conceded by all critics to be the best female writer now liv- 
ing, and her works to be the greatest novels in the English language, as 
well as the most splendid pictures of American life ever written. Either 
one of the ten nouvellettes contained in this volume, is of itself fully worth 
the price of the whole book. The Philadelphia Daily Sun says, in its edi- 
torial columns, that it shows all the grace, vigor, and absorbing interest of 
her previous works, and places Mrs. Southworth in the front rank of living 
novelists ; and that indescribable charm pervades all her works, which can 
only emanate from a female mind. Though America has produced many 
examples cf high intellect in her sex, none are destined to a higher range 
in the annals of fame, or more enduring popularity. It is embellished with a 
beautifully engraved vignette title page, executed on steel, in the finest style 
of the art, as well as a view of Brotherton Hall, illustrative of one of the 
most interesting places and scenes in the work. 

" Mrs. Southworth is the finest authoress in the country. Her style is 
forcible and bold. There is an exciting interest throughout all her compo- 
eitions, which renders them the most popular novels in the English 
language." — New York Mirror. 

" Her pictures of life are vivid and truthful." — Sunday Times. 

" She is a woman of brilliant genius." — Olive Branch. 

" She is the best fiction writer in the country." — Buffalo Exprest, 

Copies of the above work will bo sent to any person at all, to any part of 
the United States, /ree of postage, on their remitting the price of the edition 
they may wish, to the publisher, in a letter, post-paid. 

Published and for sale by T. B. PETERSON, 

Ko. 102 Chestnut St., Philadelphia. 
21 



CHARLES DICKENS' WORKS. 

Eeprinted from the last London Editions, and published by 

T. B. PETERSON, No. 102 Chestnut St., Philad'a. 

*•* 

" PETERSON'S" is the only complete and uniform edition of Charles Dickens' works pub- 
lished in America. The cheap edition is in Twelve Volumes, paper cover; either or all of 
which can be had separately. Price Fifty cents each. 
Dlclcens' TfSew Stories. Containing— The Seven Poor Travellers. 

Nine Now Stories by the Christmas Fire. Hard Times. Lizzie Leigh. The 

INIinei-'s Daughters. Fortune Wildred, etc., Price 50 cents. 

Bleak House, 50 " 

David Coppei-fleld, 50 <' 

JDonibey and Son, 50 " 

Nicholas Nickletoy, 50 " 

Picltwiclc Papers, 50 " 

Cliristmas Stories. Containing — A Christmas Carol. The Chimes. 

Cricket on the Hearth. Battle of Life. Haunted Man, and Pictures from Italy, 50 '* 

Martin Clinzzle"*vit, 50 " 

Barnatoy R,ndge, 50 " 

Old Curiosity SIiop, 50 " 

Sketches by "Boz," of Every Day liife and People, 50 " 

Oliver Twist, 50 " 

A complete sett of the above, twelve volumes in all, will be sold, or sent to any one, to 
any place, /re« of postage, for Five Dollars. 

COMPLETE LIBRARY EDITION. 

In FIVE large octavo volumes, with a Portrait on steel, of Charles Dickens, containing 
over Four Thousand very large double-columned pages, and bound in various styles. 
Volnme 1 contains Picktvick Papers and Old Curiosity Sliop. 

« a do. Oliver Twist, Sketclies by "Boz," and Barnalby 

Rudge. 
« 3 do. Nicliolas Nickleby and Martin Cliuzzle-\vit. 

« 4: do. David Copperlield, Dombey and Son, Clirist- 

mas Stories, and Pictures from Italy. 
<« 5 do. Bleak House, and Dickens' Ncav Stories — fon- 

taining — The Seven Poor Travellers, Nine New Stories by the 
Christmas Fire, Hard Times, Lizzie Leigh, The Miner's 
Daughters, and Fortune "Wildred, etc. 

Price of a complete sett. Bound in black cloth, full gilt back, $7 50 

" « " " " scarlet cloth, full gilt back, extra, 8 50 

« " " « " full library style, marbled edges, linings, etc.,... 9 00 



FINE ILLUSTRATED EDITION IN TWELVE VOLUMES. 

This edition is printed on very thick and fine white paper, and is profusely illustrated, 
with all the original illustrations by Cruikshank, Alfred Crowquill, Phiz, etc., from the 
) original London editions, on copper, steel, and wood. Each volume contains a novel 
' complete, and may be had in complete setts, or any volume separately, as follows : 



Bleak House, Price $1 50 

David Copperlield, 1 50 

Pickwick Pai>ers, 1 50 

Old Curiosity Sbop, 1 50 

Oliver Twist, 1 50 

Sketches by << Boz," 1 50 

Barnaby Rudge, 1 60 

IVicbolas Nickleby, 1 50 

Martin Cliuzzlewit, 1 50 



Dombey and Son, Price 1 50 

Cbristmas Stoi-ies, and Pic- 
tures from Italy, 1 50 

Dickens' Ne^v Stories. Con- 
taiuing — The Seven Poor Travellers. 
Nine New Stories by the Christmas 
Fire. Hard Times. Lizzie Leigh. 
The Miner's Daughters. Fortune 
Wildred, etc., 1 50 



All subsequent Works by Charles Dickens will be issued in uniform style with the above. 
' Copies of any or all of the above works will be sent to any person, to any part of the 
United States, free of postage, on their remitting the price of the ones they may wi.<h, to the 
publisher, in a letter, post-paid. Booksellers will please send in their orders at once. 
Published and for sale by T. B. PETERSON, 

No. 102 Chestnut Street, Pliiladelpliia. 
22 



HUMOROUS AMERIGAH WORKS. 

WITH ORIGINAL ILLUSTRATIONS BY BARLEY AND OTBERS, 
AND BEAUTIFULLY ILLUMINATED COVERS. 



T. B. TETERSON, NO. 102 CHESTNUT STREET, nilLADELPIIIA, 
has just published new and beautiful editions of the following HUMO- 
ROUS AMERICAN WORKS. They are published in the best possible 
style, full of original Hlustrations, by Darley, descriptive of all the beet 
scenes in each work, with Bluminated Covers, with new and beautiful 
designs on each, and are printed on the finest and best of white paper. 
The price of each work is 50 cents only. 

THE FOLLOWING AEE THE NAMES OF THE WOEKS. 
Major Jones' Covirtsliip: detai]ed, with other Scenes, Incidents, and Adventure^?, 

ivi a Series of Letters, by himself. With Thirteen illustrations from designs by JJarley. 

Trice 60 cents. 
Tlie Drama in Pokerville ; the Bench and Bar of Jurytown, and other Stories. 

By "Everpoint,'' (J. M. Field, of the St. Louis Reveille.) With Illustrations from de- 
signs by Darley. Price 50 cents. 
Cliarcoal Sketclies ; or, Scenes in the Metropolis. By Joseph C. Neal, author of 

'• Peter Ploddy," " Misfortunes of Peter Faber," etc. With Illustrations. Price -00 cents. 
Tlie Misfortunes of Peter Faber, and other Sketches. By the author of 

"Charcoal Sketches." With Illustrations by Darley and others. Price 50 cents. 
Major Jones' Sketclies of Travel, comprising the Scenes, Incidents, and 

Adveuture.s in his Tour from Georgia to Canada. With Eight Illustrations from de- 
signs by Darley. Price 50 cents. 
Tlie Yanlcee amongst tlie Mermaids, and other Waggeries and Vagaries. 

By W. E. Burton, Comedian. With Illustrations by Darley. Price 50 cents. 
Streaks of Sqnatter L.ife, and Far West Scenes. A Series of Humorous Sketches 

descriptive of Incidents and Character in the Wild West. By the author of '• Major 

Jones' Courtship," '• Swallowing Oysters Alive," etc. With Illustrations from designs by 

Darley. Price 50 eents. 
A Q,uarttr Race in Kentucky, and otlier Stories. By W. T.Porter, 

Esq., of the New York Spirit of the Times. With Eight illustrations snd designs by 

Darley. Complete in one volume. Price 50 cents. 
Tlie Adventures of Captain Simon Stiggs, late of the Tallapoosa Vo- 
lunteers, together with "Taking the Census," and other Alabama Sketches. P.y a 
j Country Editor. With a Portrait from Life, and Nine other illustrations by Darley. 

Price 50 cents. 
Tlie Rival Belles. By J.B.Jones, author of « Wild Western Scenes," etc. This 

is a very humorous and entertaining work, and one that will be recommended by all after 

reading it. Price 50 cents. 
Yankee Yarns and Yankee JLetters. By Sam Slick, alias Judge Haliburton. 

Full of the drollest humor that has ever emanated from the pen. of any author. Every 

page will set you in a roar. Price 50 cents. 
liife and Adventures of Col. Vanderbomb, and tlie Exploits of 

Ills Private Secretary, By J. B. Jones, author of "The Kival Belles," 

" Wild Western Scenes," etc. Price 50 cents. 
Tbe Big Bear of Ai'kansas, and other Sketches, illustrative of Characters and 

Incidents in the South and South-West. Edited by Wm. T. Porter. With illustrations 

by Darley. Price 50 cents. 

Copies of any one or all of the above works, will be sent to any per- 
son, in the United States, free of postage, on their remitting the price of 
the ones they may wish, to the publisher, in a letter. 

Published and for sale by T. B. PETERSOJf, 

No. 103 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia. 
23 



HUMOROUS AMERICAN WORKS. 

WITH ORIGINAL ILLUSTRATIONS BY BARLEY ANB OTHERS, 
AND BEAUTIFULLY ILLUMINATED COVERS. 



THE FOLLOWING ARE THE NAMES OF THE WORKS. 

Major Jones' Chronicles of Plnevillc; embracing Sketches of OeorRia 
Scenes. Incidents, and Characters. 15y the author of " Major Joues' Courtship," etc. 
With illustrations by Darley. Price 50 cents. 

Tlie Liife and Adventures of Perclval Maberry. By J. II. Tngrahnm. 
It will interest and please everybody. Complete in one volume. All who enjoy a good 
laugh should get it at once. Price 50 cents. 

Tlie Q,uorndon Hounds; or, A Virginian at Melton Mowbray. By II. W. Her- 
bert, Esq. With illu-strations. Price 50 cents. 

My Sliooting Box. By the author of " The Quorudon Hounds," " The Deer Stalk- 
ers," etc. Witii illustrations by Darley. I'rice 50 cents. 

Stray Subjects Arrested and Bound Over; being the Fugitive Offspring 
of the "Old Un" and the "Young Un," that have been "Laying Around Loose," and 
are now "tied up" for fast keeping. With illustrations by Darley. Price 50 cents. 

Tbe Deer Stalkers; a Tale of Circumstantial Evidence. By the author of " My 
Shooting Box, ' •• The Quorndon Hounds," etc. With illustrations. I'rice 50 cents. 

Adventures of Captain Farrago. By Hon. II. H. Hrackenridge. For six- 
teen years one of the Judges of the Supreme Court of the State of Pennsylvania. 
With illustrations from designs by Darley. Price 50 cents. 

Tbe Cbarnis of Paris: or. Sketches of Travel and Adventures by Night and 
Day, of a Gentleman of Fortune and Leisure. From his private journal. Price 50 cents. 

Pickings from tbe Portfolio of tbe Reporter of tbe " New Or- 
leans Picayune." Comprising Sketches of the Eastern Yankee, the Western 
Hoosier, and such others as make up society in the great Metropolis of the South. 
With illustrations by Darley. Price 50 cents. 

Major O'Regan's Adventures. By Hon. H. II. Brackenridge. With illus- 
trations by Darley. Complete in one volume. Price 50 cents. 

Peter Ploddy, and other oddities. By the author of " Charcoal Sketches," " Peter 
Faber," &c. With illustrations from original designs, by Darley. Price 50 cents. 

"Widow Rugby's Husband, a Night at the Ugly Man's, and other Tales of Ala- 
bama. By author of •' Simon Suggs." With original illustrations. Price 50 cents. 

Sol. Sinitb : Tbeatrical Apprenticesbip and Anecdotal Recol- 
lections of Sol. Sniitb, Esq., Comedian, Lawyer, etc. Illustrated by Darley 
Containing Early Scenes, Wanderings in the West, Cincinnati, in Early Life, etc 
Price 50 cents. 

Sol. Smitb, Second Series. The Theatrical Journey-work and Anecdotal Recollections ' 
of Sol. Smith, Esq , with a portrait of Sol. Smith. It comprises a sketch of the second 
Seven years of his professional life, together with some Sketches of Adventure in after 
years. Price 50 cents. 

Polly Peablossoin's Wedding, and other Tales. By the author of " Major 
Jones' Courtship," •' Streaks of Squatter Life," etc. Price 50 cents. 

Tbe "War^vick Woodlands; or. Th?ngs as they were Twenty Years Ago. By 
the author of '' The Quorndon Hounds," " My Shooting Box," " The Deer Stalkers," etc. 
With illustrations, illuminated. Price 50 cents. 

Old I^eaves from tbe Note Book of a lioulsiana Swamp Doctor. 
By Madison Tensas, M. D., Ex. V. P. M. S. U. Ky. Author of " Cupping on the Sternum." 
With illustrations by Darley. Price 50 cents. 

Aunt Patty's Scrap Bag. A Tale of Love and Jealousy. By Mrs. Caroline Lee 
Heutz, author of " Bena," " Linda," '♦ Mob Cap," " Ugly Effie," etc. Price 50 cents. 

Tlte New Orleans Sketcb Book, by " Stahl." author of the " Portfolio of 
a Southern Medical Student." With illustrations from designs by Darley. Price 50 cents. 

Copies of any one or all of the above -works, will be sent to any per- 
son, in the United States, free of postage, on their remitting the price of 
the ones they may wish, to the publisher, in a letter. 

Published and for sale by T. B. PETERSON, 

No. 103 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia. 

24 



KATE AYL 



ESFOHQ. 

BY CHARLES J. PETEKSON. 



Complete in one large volume, neatly bound in cloth, for One Dollar 

and Twenty-Five Cents; or another edition, in twf 

volumes, paper cover, for One Dollar. 



OPINIONS OF THE PEESS. 

"One of the great beauties of the story is, the characters are never unnatural nor the 
incidents improbable. Yet we know no American novelist who has a stronger power of 
holding his reader enchained by the stirring and life-like incidents of the narrative, or 
■who can individualize his characters more distinctly. The latter are real persons, acting 
naturally and properly. Every scene is painted vividly and graphically, and the reader 
seems moving among living persons and a spectator of scenes of actual occurrence. It is 
on all hands pronounced the ablest original novel published for many years, and justly 
places its author at the very head of the popular romance writers of the day in this country. 
This is saying a good deal, but we think the public, on the perusal of the story, will agreo 
with us that our commendation is not exaggerated." — Philadelphia Public Ledger. 

"The heroine is one of those rare characters, sometimes met within the practical world, 
who combine all the womanly virtues, to be found in the highest degrees of life, with that 
moral courage and bravery so often brought forth in the trying times which preceded the 
independence of the country. The ' Uncle Lawrence' of the author is a most charming 
Fpecimen of the yeomanry of the olden time. ' Kate Aylesford' is a book well worthy to 
be read by all lovers of light reading. With the ladies it must become very popular." — 
PJdladelphia Daily News. 

"This is one of the very few historical romances of the age which lay claim to success 
The story has been carefully planned, and in like manner developed. The style is simple, 
unstrained, natural and pleasing. Mr. Peterson deserves all praise for his manly contempt 
of the transcendentalisms and milk-and-waterisms of the time, and for his daring to be so 
natural." — Hunterdon {N. J.) Gazette. 

" This work is the best historical novel ever wi-itten in this country." — Christian Observer. 

" In literary merit generally, but especially in elegant use of language, and delineation 
of female character, it exceeds either the Spy, Water Witch, or any of the Leather Stock- 
ing Stories." — Philadelj>hia Sun. 

" Sure of an enduring popularity." — Biltimore Sun. 

*' Mr. Peterson is fast gaining on the laurels of Irving." — New Torlc Dutchman. 

" Kate Aylesford is worth a hecatomb of Ruth Halls." — Baltimore Argus. 

" The scenes are portrayed in a powerful manner, and the whole story invested with 
thrilling interest." — Baltimore Disimtch. 

" Abounding with adventures of the most exciting character." — Boston Times. 

*' The heroine is a trump of a girl." — Boston Post. 

" The most interesting and elegantly written novel of the day." — Jersey Blue. 

" A story of thrilling interest." — Pittsburg Commercial. 

" Those who read it can have the satisfaction of knowing that while they are deeply 
interested, the attraction is not only harmless but healthy."— Cox/ieZ 7?a«ner. 

" Free from the sickly sentimentalism so common to works of this kind." — True American, 

" A work of genuine value." — Lincoln Democrat. 

"If you wish to read a thrilling story, absorbingly interesting, and at the same time in 
no degree overstrained or unnatural, get Kate Aylesford. It reminds us of the best of 
Coopers novels, and it is free from faults which they abound in." — I'iedmont (I'l.) Whig. 

Price for the complete work, in two volumes in paper cover. One Dollar only; or another 
Gilition, handsomely bound iu one volume, cloth, gilt, is published for One Dollar and 
Twenty-Five Cents. 

Copies of either edition of the work will be sent to any person, to any part of the United 
States, free of postage., on their remitting the price of the edition they may wish, to the 
publisher, in a letter, post-paid. 

Published and for sale by T. B, PETERSON, 

No. 103 Cliestnut '^tv^^t^ Pliilaclelpliia. 



THE INITIALS: 



Complete in two vols., pai)er Qover, Price One Dollar; or 
l>ound in one volume, clotli. Price $1.25 a copy. 



Read the following Keviews of it, written by two celebrated Critics. 

T. B. Peteuson has just published this celebrated work, whose re- 
putntion in England and Germany already excels that of any novel 
written since the dnys of Sir Walter Scott. The heroine, Hildegarde, 
is on*- of the loveliest creations of fiction. From the first moment she 
appears on tl>e scene to the final termination of the story, she engrosses 
the entire sympathies of the reader, who breathlessly follows her fluctu- 
ating; fortunes, the alienation of her lover, and her heroic sacrifice of 
herself. The "Initials" is one of those rare things, a love-story true 
to life; for while there is nothing mawkishly sentimental about it, it 
fairly runs over with the poetry of youth and romance. As a picture of 
social life in Germany, it is invaluable. Nobody but one who had lived 
for years in that country could have drawn the manners, habits, and cus- 
toms of the Germans so faithfully. The "Initials" is destined to become 
a standard work, and will be read long after the ephemeral fictions of the 
day are forgotten ; for while it equals them in the absorbing character 
of its incidents, it excels them immeasurably in chasteuess of style, 
purity of morals, and fidelity to nature. The author is a lady of high 
rank in both England and Germany, being the daughter of a Lord High 
Chancellor of Great Britain, and the wife of a German nobleman. 

*' This is one of those novels which will continue to be read, like those 
of Scott, and other great masters of fiction, long after the generation 
which saw it first has mouldered in the dust. The scene is laid in Ger- 
many. The fair author is a daughter of the celebrated Lord Erskine, 
formerly Lord High Chancellor of England. Educated in Great Britain, 
but since her marriage to a G"?rman nobleman, living on the continent, 
she depicts life in Gevn\any with rare fidelity, though without falling into 
that mawkish sentimentalism which is the fault of native-born novelists 
In the whole realm of modern fiction there is not a more lovely creation 
than Hildegarde, the heroine. Her conduct under the most trying cir- 
cumstances, is ever noble; but ever also natural to her character. The 
charm of this novel, indeed, is that while it has nothing forced or exag- 
gerated about it, it is nevertheless full of romance. Everything happens 
as it ought to happen, yet the incidents are never strained, nor the actors 
made to belie their natures. To read 'The Initials' is to call back the 
days of one's youth, when the future was rosy with hope, and when all 
things were fresh and beautiful. The work is eminently instructive. It 
has already run through several editions in England, and is destined, we 
predict, to have an unparalleled sale here. We know no fiction, in fact, 
which we would sooner recommend, for while it will fascinate all who 
read merely for amusement, it will delight as well as improve those who 
seek for something even in a novel." — Ladies' National Magazine. 

Copies of either edition of the work will be sent to any person, to any 
part of the United States, free of postage, on their remitting the price of 
the edition they may wish, to the publisher, in a letter, post-paid. 
Published and fur .sale by T. 15. PETJERSOiV, 

Xo. 102 Chestnut St., Philadelphia. 

2G 



S^^ Read the Notices of the Press below. "Wm 



TOD OiT§ §OWN iBHOm 

Price Seventy-Five Cents in Cloth, Gilt ; or Fifty Cents in Paper Cover. 

EEAD THE OPINIONS OF THE PRESS BELOW. 

" This volume is the work of a gentleman of leisuie, and, judging from 
the revelations which he makes, he was educated with * elegant desires' 
and sufficient wealth to permit him to indulge his tastes. The sketches 
which are here collected are marked by spirit, vivacity, and agreeable de- 
Bcription. The author writes with the ease of a good, clever fellow, who 
always looks on the bright side of things, and who endeavors to extract 
amusement from the most unpromising subjects. His adventures iire 
candidly told, and he leads the reader into many foreign mysteries which 
most travellers avoid. His style is remarkably easy aud flowing. You 
glide along without an effort, and he manages to keep up an interest which 
it is the good fortune of few writers to produce. The unknown author has 
hit the target precisely. Much of the spirit of the late John Sanderson 
flows from his pen, and his volume will form a delightful sequel to the agree- 
able book of that pleasant and witty writer." — Philadelphia Sunday Disjmtch. 

'' in originality of conception, grace of diction, humor of style — in 
classic allusion, piquancy, wit, and vivacity, its author stands unrivalled by 
any ' light' writer, ancient or modern, with whom we are acquainted. 
■Whoever buys the book and reads the opening chapter, we venture to say, 
would not part with it for ten times its cost, if he could not procure an- 
other. We would remark, however, that some portions of the work are 
more suited for gentlemen readers than for all ladies, from the floridity of 
the language, though even in its most questionable passages there is a 
redeeming morality, and a beauty of style and sentiment." — Philadelphia 
Saturday Oourier. 

" It is certainly a vivacious production, and, with some objectionable 
passages, has many good ones. The writer certainly did not belong to the 
melancholy or abstemious school at the time he sketched the scenes and 
incidents of his travels. He seems to have been deeply imbued at that 
period with the Byronic temperament, which breathes in almost every line. 
The same versatile, don't care, dashing and off-hand style which runs 
through the letters and rhymes of the poet, is discernible in this new but 
anonymous candidate for public favor." — Petershurgh ( Va.) Intelligencer. 

"The publisher has made an elegant volume of these spicy leaves which 
have all the pungency of the real 'Fanny Fern,' with the racy, free spirit, 
that bespeaks the travelled gentleman and the polished wit. Our readers 
have had repeated 'on and off' specimens of the manner in which these 
American 'Wild Oats' were sown upon European soil, and have no doubt 
been heartily amused at the bold, original way in which our gentleman of 
leisure went over the ground. That there may be no suspicion of partiality 
towards city customers, Mr. P. is determined to give both town and country 
a fair show, and so sends copies, free of postage, on the receipt of fifty 
cents. In this way, all can be promptly supplied with the gleanings from 
the ripe old harvest fields, where love and philosophy, misked balls, and 
monasteries, London sights, Parisian charms and Italian romance, flourish 
in rich luxuriance." — Philadelphia Saturday Courier. 

Copies of either edition of the work will be sent to any person at all, to 
any part of the Uiiited States, free of postage, on their remitting the price 
of tlie edition they wish, to the publisher, in a letter, post paid. 
Published and for sale by T. B. PETERSON, 

1^0. 102 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia. 
17 



A NEW COOK BOOK, BY MISS LESLIE, FOR THE MILLION. 



MISS LESLIE'S 

"NEW RECEIPTS FOR COOKIKG." 

— « < • * » 

T. B. PETERSON, NO. 102 CHESTNUT STREET, PniLAiyELPIITA, has just pub- 
lished MISS LESLIE'S "NEW RECEIPTS FOR COOKING." It comprises new and 
approved methods of preparing all kinds of soups, fish, oysters, terrapins, turtle, Tegeta- 
bles, meats, poultry, game, sauces, pickles, sweet meats, cakes, pies, puddings, confec- 
tionary, rice, Indian meal preparations of all kinds, domestic liquors, perfumery, remedies, 
laundry work, needte-work, washing thread laces of all kinds, to make them look equal 
to new, preserTing autumn leaves, Chinese embroidery, letters, additional receipts, etc. 
Also, list of all articles in season suited to go together for breakfasts, dinners and 
suppers, to suit large or small families, and much useful information and many miscel- 
laneous subjects connected with general housewifery. 

This work will have a very extensive sale, and many thousand copies will be sold, as all 
persons that have had Miss Leslie's former book, entitled " Directions for Cookery," 
should get this at once, as all the receipts in this book are new, and have been fully tried 
and tested by the author since the publication of her former book, and none of them 
whatever are contained in any otJter work hvt this. It is the best, and most complete Cook 
Book published in the world, as in addition to Cookery, of all kinds and descriptions, its 
receipts for making cakes and confectionary are unequalled by any other work extant. 

It is an elegantly printed duodecimo volume of 520 pages ; and in it there will be found 
Oiie Thousand and Eleven new Beccipts—a\l useful— some ornamental— and all invalu- 
able to every lady, miss, or family in the world. Price One Dollar a copy only. 

Miss Leslie in the preface, says : " A large number of these new receipts have been 
"obtained from the South, and from ladies noted for their skill in housewifery. Many 
" were dictated by colored cooks, of high reputation in the art, for which nature seems 
" to have g<^ffM that race with a peculiar capability. Some very fine receipts in this col- 
" lectiou are or French origin. Their titles are translated into our own language. * * * 
" The corn meal preparations will be found unusvially good, as full directions are given 
" for every method in Vhich this most valuable and cheap staple can be prepared; and 
" particularly that for Indiun Mush, an article, which, simple as it is, is seldom made 
" properly, or rather wholesomely. 

'• Since" the first appearance of my first book of ' DIRECTIONS FOR COOKING,' T have 
" obtained new and fre.^^h accessions of valuable knowledge, and new receipts for cooking 
'' not embraced in vay former book, connected with the domestic improvement of my 
" country women, all of which I have been careful to note down, as they presented them- 
" selves, and to carefully try and have them fully tested, and have now given them all 
"in this 'NEW RECEIPTS FOR COOKING'-minutely explaining them in language 
<' intelligible to all persons. All I ask, is, that these neiu receipts may be fairly and 
" faithfully tried, and I trust that no disappointment will happen in the result." 

A very im^wrtant feature in MISS LESLIE'S " NEW RECEIPTS FOR COOKING," 
will be found in the list of articles in season, which are suited together for Breakfasts, 
Dinners, Suppers, &c. In it will be found popular and useful suggestions,— of immense 
•value in every household, adding greatly t-o its convenience, its comfort and economy. 

Among its new and valuable receipts will be found one for preserving '■^Autumn 
Le'Aves," which will be greatly admired for the brightness, richness and variety of their 
tints, for our fair Ladies to form into beautiful wreaths for the hair, or trimmings for 
party and ball dresses, or for adorning and ornamenting picture frames, looking glasses, 
etc. They are an admirable study for amateurs in painting. One for Chinese Embroi- 
dery, by which any person can learn to do embroidery, similar and equal to the finest 
Ctinton Crape Shawls, being embroidered on both sides, and both sides being alike. 

A copy of this new, popular and celebrated Cook Book, entitled MISS LESLIE' 
■<NEW RECEIPTS FOR COOKING," will be sent to any person at all, by return of 
mail, free of postage, on their remitting One Dollar to the publisher, in a letter, post-paid. 
PubUshed and for Sale by T. B. PETERSON, 

No. 103 Cliestniit Street, Pliiladelpliia. 
28 



FREAICS^F_EORTUNE. 

BY J. B. JONES, 

AUTHOR OF "wild WESTERN SCENES," ETC., ETC. 

EEAD WHAT THE EDITORS OF NEWSPAPERS SAY OF IT. 

"We pronounce this work equal to any of the productions of Thackeray, and 
are quite free to give it a preference over anything we have yet seen from the 
prolific author of ' The Newcombs.' It is a high compliment to place the 
' Freaks of Fortune' on a par with much that his transatlantic rival has pro- 
duced. Certain it is, that Mr. Jones in his rrew work gives evidence of a free 
pen, a rich imagination, and a style easy, emphatic, and at times imbued with 
true eloquence, the emanations of a spirit overflowing with impressive thought 
and elevated sentiment, liberally enriched with flashes of humor and genuine 
wit. An advantage which Mr. Joiifs has, is in the true American character 
of his writings, which present life as it is seen in our midst. In this respect 
his works have a charm that must make them irresistible, as good sense pre- 
vails over all, and supply us with sketches of character, irresistible in their 
truthfulness to the beings whom we meet in our every day walk. As the writer 
has already become famous in the world of literature, his new work will find 
numerous readers, who may be congratulated on the treat in store for them." — 
Philadelphia Saturday Courier, Sept. 9th, 1864. 

Freaks of Fortune. — " Whatever this author writes is sure to have a large 
sale. The present is his best fiction, and one of the best we ever read. It is 
full of graphic sketchej? of character, abounds with incident, and runs over 
with fun continually. We know nowhere a better panacea against * the blues.' 
The illustrations were designed by Darley, and are in his happiest manner ; 
they are engraved also with great spirit. The publisher issues the book on 
superior paper, and bound in embossed cloth. Price One Dollar. For those 
whi^ prefer novels of life as it is, to mawkishly sentimental fictions, this is the 
book of the season. Whoever likes Thackeray will like ' The Freaks of For- 
tune.' " — Ladies' National Magazine for October. 

" This story is one of adventures, in the course of which the hero sees all 
kinds of life and mingles with all sorts of people. Poets, statesmen, lawyers, 
belles, authors, merchants, mechanics, and farmers, figure together on the pages 
of the novel. The writer conveys Ned with ease through all those scenes, and 
he is equally happy whilst delineating the character of a remarkable politician 
like Benton, or that of as quite a remarkable specimen of a clergyman — Bishop 
Doane. The plot is well managed, and the current glides easily along, and 
swells at last into an agreeable ocean of fiction. The tale is spirited, and can- 
not f.nl to be pleasing and popular." — Phila. Sunday JDisjiatch, Sept. 10th, 1854. 

"'Freaks of Fortune' will be read by Philadelphians with marked interest, 
if it receives the attention which it deserves. The plot of the tale is in our 
own city, and the hero, Ned Lorn, is a most charming character, and will serve 
well for a model for the youth growing up among us. The localities referred 
to in this book are all of them familiar, and many of the characters will be re- 
cognized instantly. It is most admirably written, and exceeds in interest any 
of the previous works of the author. It is handsomely bound in cloth, and 
we predict for it an extensive sale. It will, of course, be found at the store of 
the enterprising publisher." — Philadelphia Daily News, Sept. 11th, 1854. 

THIS BEAUTIFUL AND CELEBRATED WORK is published complete 
in one large volume of over 400 pages, beautifully illustrated, and handsomely 
bound in one volume, cloth, gilt, price One Dollar. 

Published and for sale by T. B. PETERS OV, 

No. 102 Chestnut St., Pliiladelphiac 

A copy of this new, popular book, will he sent to any person at all, by return 
of mail, free of postage, on their remitting One Dollar to the publisher, in a 
letter, post-paid. 2g 



Read the Notices of the Press below. 




BY EMERSON BENNETT, 

AUTHOR OF *< CLARA MORELANB," " VIOLA," " TIONEER's DAUGHIER," ETC. 

Price Fifty Cents in Paper Cover ; or, One Dollar in Cloth, Gilt. 



From a Review of the Work, written by a Celebrated Critic. 
" This is the last great work of Mr. Bennett, and almost universally pronounced his 
master-piece. The scene is laid in the city of New York, and it accurately shows life 
in the great metropolis. The scenes are wrought up with great power, and from the 
first line to the last, the reader is, as it were, held spell-bound by the most intense and 
thrilling interest. 3Iany of the scenes and characters are drawn from real life. Who 
does not remember the awful fete of poor Helen Jewett, and the trial of Robinson 
for her murder? Their counterpart may be found in Helen Douglass, and Actoa 
Atherton — two characters which figure in this work. It shows you the mansion of 
the millionaire, and the hovel of poverty; and lays bare crimes of the greatest magni- 
tude, long concealed under the mask of a damnable hypocrisy ; it shows the struggles 
of a young man and his sister, who were once rich, but who were robbed of all their 
money by the villainy of their uncle, who, living in splendor in the city on his ill- 
gotten gains, absolutely refuses to give their mother, (his own sister,) money enough to 
buy food to keep her from dying of starvation. And after she is dead, the unfeeling 
wretch imprisons his nephew on a false charge of forgery; while his own base son 
plots the ruin of his cousin, (the young man's sister,) and actually succeeds in entrap- 
ping her into a house of bad repute. But, not to enter into detail, we will only add 
that virtue triumphs in the end, and that villainy meets its just reward. No one can 
peruse this story without acknowledging it is a powerful work, and calculated to effect 
great good. The moral of it is unexceptionable, and it should be read by the religious 
portions of our community as well as by the romance readers. It has already been 
approved of by the ministers of the Gospel, and by pious members of the church ; and 
the author has been more than once congratulated since its appearance for boldly 
striking into a new field, and elevating his romance to that high moral standard 
which makes it unexceptionable to the most virtuous, pure, and refined." 

From the New York International Journal, of Oct. 1 bth. 
" A native novel, in which the scene is laid in the city of New York, and the inci- 
dents detailed with a truthfulness of description which constitutes the great charm of 
Mr. Bennett's writings. In his previous works, Mr. Bennett has described border life, 
prairie scenes, and Indian warfare, with a pen so graphic, as to bring the scene bodily 
before the reader. In 'The Forged Will,' he deals with every day occurrences of do- 
mestic town life in the same minute and elaborate way — forcibly reminding us of the 
descriptions of Bulwer in ' Eugene Aram,' and other works. ' The Forged Will' contains 
throughout a moral of which the reader is never permitted to lose sight — that crim« 
sooner or later leads to retribution, and that virtue even when exposed to severe trials, 
eventually receives its reward." 

From the Philadelphia Saturday Courier, of Oct. Ibth. 
" Another edition, in so short a time, of this most exciting work, shows the extraordi- 
nary interest which it is everywhere exciting, and among all classes of readers. It 
is truly a most startling and well wrought picture of the great commercial emporium, 
the city which ranks next to London and Paris in gorgeous profligacy and reckless, 
squalid crime. New York, with seven hundred thousand inhabitants, its churches, 
palaces and hovels, is a wonderful city, and Mr. Bennett turns it inside out to the 
(astonished gaze of even its own citizens. Such is the rush for the ' Forged Will,' that 
on the appearance of the third edition, the enterprising, popular publisher announces 
his intention of gratifying distant readers, by sending copies through the mail, free of 
postage, on receipt of fifty cents, the price of the work." 

I^om the Philadelphia Christian Observer, of Oct. Sth. 
" This is a work of power, a thrilling story of such incidents as occur in real life, por" 
traying the guilty in their relations to the virtuous ; deeds of hypocrisy and darkness, 
concealed for a time, yet meeting with the stern retribution merited. It is a picture, 
mingling light and shade, and teaches that the triumphing of the wicked is short ; and 
that virtue, though it suffer for a brief season, is sure of a due reward." 



Published and for Sale by 



T. B. PETERSON, 



No. 103 Cliestnut Street, PUiiadelpIiia. 



AMERICAN POCKET LIBRARY 

OF USEFUL KNOWLEDGE, 

New and Enlarged Edition ! With Numerous Engravings ! ! 

TWENTY THOUSAND COPIES SOJLD. 

Price FIFTY CENTS a Copy only ; and sent free of Postage to any place 
in the United States. 

Containing one thousand Receipts, Directions, &c., for Agriculture and successful Farming; 
Health, its preservation; the Culture of Flowers, of Silk, of Sugar-Beets, &c., and the cure and 
treatment of Birds, of Horses, of Cows, of Poultry, of Btses, &c. The management and growth 
of the Hair; beauty and preservation of the Teeth; with Instructions for the Ladies in cooking 
Meats, and making Bread, Cakes, Pies, Preserves, Pickles; for making Ice Creams, and various 
healthy Drinks, &c., &c. Also, Canals, Rail Roads, Phrenology, and an immense amount of 
Political, Statistical, Geographical, and Qeneral Information, relating to the General Govern- 
ment, and the various States and Territories of the Union ; Synopsis of Girard's Will, Wash- 
ington's Farewell Address, and the Constitution of the United States, entire, with the 
Amendments, &c. 

Eead the following Notices of the Press in relation to this Work : 

" Experience and patient labor have made it a compilation to be consulted by the house 
keeper, the merchant, the mechanic, the farmer, and in fact by «very class of citizens." — 
rhiladelphia Sciturday Qmrier. 

"We knouf of no one better calculated than the Editor for making a useful book like the 
present. It is a perfect Yade Mecum." — Godet/'s Lady's Book. 

" A very valuable little work, containing a great deal of useful information in a very small 
compass, elegautlj' stereotyped from fine type." — Saturday Evening Post. 

* * * * "In fact, the book is a perfect omnium, gatherum,, containing 

a f^reat amount of highly useful information, facts, and hints, WHICH EVERY ONE ought to 
be )u possession of." — Public Ledger. 

" There is scarcely a subject which comes into notice in the daily wairfS of life, but \% here 
laid down and familiarly illustrated. The object of the compiler has been to make his book a 
COMPLETE VADE MECUM, and in this he has sMcoe^dad."— United States Gaz'Me {Hon. J.li. 
Chandler.) 

" This is a capital little volume. It Is replete -w^ith information gleaned from a THOUSAND 
SOURCES, and of the most AUTHENTIC CHARACTER. The compiler has embodied mcrre 
usefid information than may be found in any voluTne of the same size that has ever been issued 
from the American press. THE PRICE is exceedingly reasonable." — Pennsylvania Inquirer 
and Daily Courier. 

" We have never seen a volume embracing any thing like the same quantity of usetul mat- 
ter. The work is really a treasure, and should speedily find its way into every family." — 
Saturday Chronicle, (lion. B. Matthias, President Senate Pennsylvania) 

The New Edition publi?.hed since the foregoing notices were made, contains double the num- 
ber of pages, and is beyond all question, the most comprehensive' and valuable work of the 
kind ever published. 

Among the new additions are — 1. Catalogue of Useful Things. 2. Commercial Numbers. 
3. New Postage Law. 4. Statistics of United States, Navy, Army, Debts of the several States, 
&c. 6. Each of the State Capitols, Time of holding Elections, Meeting of Legislatures, &c. 
6. British Possessions. 7. Consuls of U. States Kjc 1850, and each preceding Census. 8 Select 
Bible Passages, and Religious sentimenta of each President of the United States. 9. The Sab- 
bath Convention Address. 10. Extensive MintTables, of Gx)Id and Silver Coins of all Nations. 
11. Distances and Directions of Principal Places on the Globe. 12. Weights and Measures. 
13. Universal Time Table. 14. Coat of Arms. &c„ of thirteen original States. 15. Statistics 
and Flags of the pru^cipal Nations of the East. 16. Chrystal Palace, Maps, Public Edifices, 
Portraits, Ac, &c., &c. 

It also contains a large g.nd entirely new Map of the United States, which is of itself worth 
the price of the book. 

It is published complete in one volume, handsomely bound, with full-page Illustrations and 
Portraits of all the Presidents of the United States, from Washington until the present time, 
executed in the finest style of the art. 

A copy of the work will be sent to any person, to any place in the United .States, free of 
postage, on tb.eir remitting 50 cents to the Publisher, in a letter, post-paid, or Two copies will 
be ■>>'■' nt, free of/iostage, for One Dollar. 

Published and for sale by 

T. B. PETERSON, 

No. 102 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia. 

31 



(^EAT INDUCEMENTS FOR 1856[ 

NOW IS THE tiE TO MAKE UP CLUBS! 

PETERSONS MAGAZINE 

The best and cheapest in the World for Ladies. 

This popular Magazine, already the cheapest and best Monthly of its kind in the world, 
will he greatly improved for 1S56. It will contain 900 pages of double-column reading 
matter; from twenty to thirty Steel Plates; and over four hundred Wood Engravings: 
which is proportionately more than any periodical, of any price, ever yet gave. 

ITS THRILJLIjy€i^ ORIGIJV^IJL STORIES 

Are pronounced, by the press, the bed published anyivhere. The editors are Mrs. Ann S. 
Stephens, author of " The Old Homestead," '• Fashion and Famine," and Charles J. Peter- 
Bon, author of " Kate Aylesford." '-The Valley Farm," etc., etc. ; and they are assisted by 
all the most popular female writers of America. New talent is continually being added, 
regardless of expense, so as to keep " Peterson's Magazine" unapproachable in mei-it. 
Morality and virtue are always inculcated. 

ITS COLORED FASHION PLATES IN ADVANCE. 

IH^^ It is the only Ifagctzine whose Fashion Plates can be relied on. ''Q^ 
Each Number contains a Fashion Plate, engraved on Steel, colored a la mode, and of 
unrivalled beauty. The Paris, London, Philadelphia, and New York Fashions are de- 
Bcribed, at length, each month. Every number also contains a dozen or more New Styles, 
engraved on Wood. Also, a Pattern, from which a dress, mantilla, or child's costume, 
can be cut, without the aid of a mautua-maker, so that each number, in this way, will 
save a year's subscription. 

9t3 HHpBrli Bflintinte, ml ntjjrr Itel (iJngriicings, 

Its Illustrations excel those of any other Magazine, each number containing a superb 
Steel Engraving, either mezzotint or line, beside the Fashion Plate; and, in addition, 
numerous other Engravings, Wood Cuts, Patterns, &c., &c. The Engravings, at the enl 
of the year, alone are worth the subscription price. 

PATTERNS FOR CROTCHET, NEEDLEWORK, etc.. 

In the greatest profusion, are given in every number, with instructions how to work 
them; also. Patterns in Embroidery, Inserting, Broiderie Anglaise, Netting. Lace-making, 
&c., &c. Also, Patterns for Sleeves, Collars, and Chemisettes; Patterns in Bead-work, Hair- 
work, Shell-work ; Handkerchief Corners; Names for Marking and Initials. Each num- 
ber contains a Paper Flower, with directions how to make it. A piece of new and fashion- 
able Music is also published every month. On the whole, it is the most complete Ladies' 
Magazine in the World. Tky it for One Year. 

TERMS: — ALWAYS IN ADVANCE. 

One copy for One Year, - $2 00 I Five copies for One Year, - $7 60 

Three copies for One Year, 5 00 | Eight copies for One Year, 10 00 

Sixteen copies for One Year, - - - $20 00 

PREI^ZUI^S FOR aZSTTII^ia UP CLUBS. 

Three, Five, Eight, or Sixteen copies, make a Club. To every person getting up a Club, 
our " Port-Folio of Art," containing Fifty Engravings, will be given gratis; oi*. if pre- 
ferred, a copy of the Magazine for ISo"). For a Club of Sixteen, an extra copy of the 
Magazine for 1856, will be sent i)i addition. 

Address, post-paid, CHARLES J. PETERSON, 

No. 103 Cliestniit Street, Pliiladelpliia. 

JS^ Specimens sent, gratuitously, if written for, post-paid. 

jes=- All Postmasters constituted Agents. But any person may get up a Club. 

4(1^ Persons remitting will please get the Postmaster to register their letters, in which 
case the remittance may bo at our risk. When the sum is large, a draft should be pro- 
cured, the cost of which may be deducted from the amount. 
43 



T. B. PETERSON'S 

WHOLESxVLE AND RETAIL 
Cheap Book, Magazine, Newspaper, Publishing 

and Bookselling Establishment, is at 
No. lOS Chestnut Street, Philadelphia. 



T. B. PETERSON has the satisfaction to announce to the public, that he has removed 
to the new and spacious BllOWN STONE BUILDING, NO. 102 CHESTNUT STREET, 
just completed by the city authorities on the Girard Estate, known as the most central 
and best situation in the city of Philadelphia. As it is the Model Book Store of the 
Country, we will describe it: It is the largest, most spacious, and best arranged Retail 
and Wholesale Cheap Book and Publishing Establishment in the United States. It is 
built, by the Girard Estate, of Connecticut sand-stone, in a richly ornamental style. 
The whole front of the lower story, except that taken up by the doorway, is occupied by 
two large plate glass windows, a single plate to each window, costing together over thri^-o 
thousand dollars. On entering and looking up, you find above j'ou a ceiling si.xteen 
teet high; while, on gazing before, you perceive a vista of One Hundred and Eifty-Sevcn 
feet. The retail counters extend back for eighty feet, and, being double, afford counter- 
room of One Hundred and Sixty feet in length. There is also over Three Thousand fett 
of shelving in the retail part of the store alone. This part is devoted to the retail busi- 
ness, and as it is the most spacious in the countrj', furnishes also the best and largest 
assortment of aid kinds of books to be found in the country. It is fitted up in the most 
sujierb style ; the shelvings are all painted in Florence white, with gilded cornices for 
the book shelves. 

Behind the retail part of the store, at about ninety feet from the entrance, is the 
CGun ting-room, twenty feet square, railed neatly off, and surmounted by a most beauti- 
ful dome of stained glass. In the rear of this is the wholesale and packing department, 
extending a further distance of about sixty feet, with desks and packing counters for the 
establishment, etc., etc. All goods are received and shipped from the back of the store, 
having a fine avenue on the side of Girard Bank for the purpose, leading out to Third 
Street, so as not to interfere with and block up the front of the store on Chestnut Street. 
The cellar, of the entire depth of the store, is filled with printed copies of Mr. Peterson's 
own publications, printed from bis own stereotype plates, of which he generally keeps 
on hand an edition of a thousand each, making a stoci<, of his own publications alone, 
If over three hundred thousand volumes, constantly on hand. 

T. B. PETERSON is warranted in saying, that he is able to offer such inducements 
to the Trade, and all others, to favor him with their orders, as cannot be excelled by any 
book establishment in the country. In proof of this, T. B. PETERSON begs leave to 
refer to his great facilities of getting stock of all kinds, his dealing direct with all the 
Publishing Houses in the country, and also to his own long list of Publications, consisting 
of the best and most popular productions of the most talented authors of the United 
States and Great Britain, and to his very extensive stock, embracing every work, new or 
old, published in the United States. 

T. B. PETERSON will be most happy to supply all orders for any books at all, no 
matter by whom published, in advance of all others, and at publishers' lowest cash 
prices. lie respectfully invites Country Merchants, Booksellers, Pedlars, Canvassers, 
Agents, the Trade, Strangers in the city, and the public generally, to call and examine 
his extensive collection of cheap and standard publications of all kinds, comprising a 
most magnificent collection of CHEAP BOOKS, MAGAZINES, NOYELS, STANDARD 
and POPULAR WORKS of all kinds, BIBLES, PRAYER BOOKS, ANNUALS, GIFT 
BOOKS, ILLUSTRATED AVORKS, ALBUMS and JUVENILE WORKS of all kinds, 
GAMES of all kinds, to suit all ages, tastes, etc., which he is selling to his customers 
and the public at much loM'er prices than they can be purchased elsewhere. Being lo- 
cated at No. 102 CHESTNUT Street, the great thoroughfare of the city, and BUYING 
his stock outright in large quantities, and not selling on commission, he can and will 
sell them on such terms as will defy all competition. Gall and examine our stock, you 
will find it to be the best, largest and cheapest in the city ; and you will also be sure to 
find all the best, latest, 2^02ndar. and clieapest wo7-ks published in this country or elso- 
where, for sale at the lowest prices. 

><K2~ Call in person and examine our stock, or send your orders by mail direct, to the 
CHEAP BOOKSELLING and PUBLISHING ESTABLISHMENT of . 

T. IS. PETERSOX, 
No. 10» Cliestnitt Street, Pliiladelplula, 
44 




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